Common names from other countries
分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Carangiformes (Jacks)
鱸形目 (Jacks) >
Carangidae (Jacks and pompanos)
鰺科 (Jacks and pompanos) > Caranginae
Etymology: Trachurus: Greek, trachys, -eia, -ys = rough + Greek, oura = tail (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Linnaeus.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 海洋洄游的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 0 - 1050 m (Ref. 54256), usually 100 - 200 m (Ref. 54256). 亞熱帶的; 67°N - 38°S, 26°W - 42°E
Eastern Atlantic: from Madeira, the Straits of Gibraltar and Canary and Cape Verde Islands to South Africa; northward extending into the Mediterranean Sea and along the Atlantic coasts of Europe to Norway.
地中海與東大西洋的: 挪威到南非, 圓岸邊到馬普托。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 22.9, range 21 - 30 cm
Max length : 70.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 3197); common length : 22.0 cm FL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 3397); 最大體重: 2.0 kg (Ref. 27584)
背棘 (總數): 9; 背的軟條 (總數): 30-36; 臀棘 3; 臀鰭軟條: 24 - 32. Bluish green, grey or black above, silvery white below; opercle with black spot (Ref. 3197). Lateral scales tall and keeled. Gill cover with a distinct black spot. First dorsal fin tall (Ref. 35388).
藍綠色的﹐灰色的或黑色的上方, 下面銀白色的; 鰓蓋有黑色的斑點。 (參考文獻 3197) 側面的鱗片高的而且龍骨。 鰓蓋具有一個明顯的黑色斑點。 第一背鰭高的.(參考文獻 35388)
Adults form large schools in coastal areas with sandy substrate. They feed on fish, crustaceans, and cephalopods. Are batch spawners (Ref. 51846). Females lay 140,000 eggs, which hatch into 5mm long larvae (Ref. 35388). Eggs are pelagic (Ref. 4233). Utilized fresh, smoked, canned and frozen; can be fried, broiled and baked (Ref. 9988). Divided into two stocks: West stock and North Sea stock. West stock spawns in a belt from the Biscay to Ireland in early spring, migrates north and eastwards to southern Norway and northern North Sea. North Sea stock spawns in the southern North Sea in summer, migrates to central North Sea, Skagerrak and Kattegat.
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
地中海與東大西洋的: 挪威到南非, 圓岸邊到馬普托。
Smith-Vaniz, W.F., 1986. Carangidae. p. 815-844. In P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.) Fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. UNESCO, Paris. vol. 2. (Ref. 4233)
CITES (Ref. 128078)
Not Evaluated
人類使用
漁業: 高經濟性; 游釣魚種: 是的; 誘餌: usually
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
115969): 10.6 - 16.6, mean 13.3 (based on 165 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5001 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00813 (0.00740 - 0.00893), b=2.95 (2.92 - 2.98), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.7 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.12-0.16; tm=2-4; tmax=11; Fec=70,000).
Prior r = 0.46, 95% CL = 0.31 - 0.72, Based on 11 stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (56 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Low vulnerability (25 of 100).
