Common names from other countries
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecologia
marinhas; estuarina demersal; intervalo de profundidade 1 - 80 m (Ref. 3507). Subtropical; 22°S - 35°S
Western Indian Ocean: Natal to the Cape in South Africa.
Comprimento de primeira maturação / Tamanho / Peso / Idade
Maturity: Lm ?, range 53 - ? cm
Max length : 150 cm TL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 3507); peso máx. publicado: 34.4 kg (Ref. 40637)
Descrição suscinta
Chaves de identificação | Morfologia | Morfometria
Espinhos dorsais (total) : 12; Raios dorsais (total) : 10; Espinhos anais: 3; Raios anais : 8. Adults with a large fleshy 'nose'.
Inhabits shallow, rocky coastal areas to 80 m depth. Rarely enters estuaries. Feeds on crabs, crayfish, sea urchins and other hard-shelled animals (Ref. 3670). Takes almost any bait (Ref. 3198). Important food fish. Head considered a delicacy in some areas (Ref. 3198). It is parasitised by the monogenean Anoplodiscus cirrusspiralis on the fins and body surface (Ref. 124057).
Ciclo de vida ou comportamento de acasalamento
Maturities | Reprodução | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larvas
Bauchot, M.-L. and M.M. Smith, 1984. Sparidae. In W. Fischer and G. Bianchi (eds.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Indian Ocean (Fishing Area 51). volume 4. [var. pag.] FAO, Rome. (Ref. 3507)
Status na Lista Vermelha da UICN (Ref. 130435)
CITES (Ref. 128078)
Not Evaluated
Ameaça para os humanos
Harmless
Uso pelos humanos
Pescarias: espécies comerciais; peixe esportivo: sim
Ferramentas
Relatórios especiais
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Fontes da internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
115969): 16.7 - 26, mean 23.9 (based on 36 cells).
Índice de diversidade filogenética (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01549 (0.00846 - 0.02836), b=3.06 (2.91 - 3.21), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
Nível Trófico (Ref.
69278): 3.6 ±0.40 se; based on food items.
Resiliência (Ref.
120179): Muito baixo(a), tempo mínimo de duplicação da população maior que 14 anos (K=0.05; tmax=45).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High to very high vulnerability (74 of 100).