South Africa country information

Common names: Geelbek, Geelbek
Occurrence: native
Salinity: marine
Abundance: | Ref:
Importance: commercial | Ref: van der Elst, R.P. and F. Adkin (eds.), 1991
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: gamefish: yes;
Comments: Occurs throughout the South African coast. Stock depressed; major seasonal component of commercial and recreational line catches in Natal and the southern coast (Ref. 4332). Angling record: 11.2 kg; spearfishing record: 11.4 kg (Ref. 12484). Also Ref. 9772, 75154.
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/sf.html
National Fisheries Authority:
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Heemstra, P.C., 1986
National Database:

Common names from other countries

Geelbek croaker, Téraglin, Corvinata prieta, ... more

Classification / Names Nomi Comuni | Sinonimi | Catalog of Fishes(Genere, Specie) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria) > Sciaenidae (Drums or croakers)
Etymology: Atractoscion: Greek, atraktos, arrow + Greek, skion, skiaina = barbel, red mullet (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Cuvier.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecologia

marino benthopelagico; distribuzione batimetrica 15 - 200 m (Ref. 3593), usually 100 - 200 m (Ref. 3593). Tropical; 14°N - 28°S

Distribuzione Stati | Aree FAO | Ecosystems | Presenze | Point map | Introduzioni | Faunafri

Western Indian Ocean: off Mozambique and South Africa.

Length at first maturity / Size / Peso / Age

Maturity: L_m ?, range 65 - ? cm
Max length : 130 cm TL maschio/sesso non determinato; (Ref. 4373); common length : 90.0 cm SL maschio/sesso non determinato; (Ref. 9772); peso massimo pubblicato: 25.0 kg (Ref. 4373)

Short description Chiavi di identificazione | Morfologia | Morfometria

Spine dorsali (totale) : 10 - 11; Raggi dorsali molli (totale) : 25 - 32; Spine anali: 2; Raggi anali molli: 9 - 10. Body silvery (Ref. 4373).

Found in coastal waters, over sand muddy bottom. Juveniles enter estuaries. Adults feed on pelagic fishes at night. Often caught with Umbrina canariensis. Feeds on pelagic fish such as mackerel and horse mackerel (Ref. 36731). Marketed fresh, flesh highly esteemed (Ref. 9772).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | Riproduzione | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larve

Main reference Upload your references | Bibliografia | Coordinatore | Collaboratori

Chao, L.N. and E. Trewavas, 1990. Sciaenidae. p. 813-826. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 3593)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)

Near Threatened (NT) (A2b); Date assessed: 25 September 2018

CITES (Ref. 128078)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

Harmless

Human uses

Pesca: commerciale; Pesce da pesca sportiva: si

FAO(pesca: production; publication : search) | FishSource | Sea Around Us

Informazioni ulteriori

Trophic ecology
Prede
Diet compositions
Food consumptions
Food rations
Predatori

Ecology
Ecologia
Home ranges

Population dynamics
Growths
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
Length-frequencies
Mass conversions
Recruitments
Abundances

Life cycle
Riproduzione
Maturities
Fecundities
Spawnings
Spawning aggregations
Egg(s)
Egg developments
Larve
Dinamica popolazioni larvali

Distribution
Stati
Aree FAO
Ecosystems
Presenze
Introduzioni
BRUVS - Videos

Anatomy
Gill areas
Cervelli
Otoliths

Physiology
Body compositions
Nutrients
Oxygen consumptions
Swimming type
Swimming speeds
Visual pigment(s)
Suoni dei Pesci
Diseases / Parasites
Toxicities (LC50s)

Genetics
Genetica
Electrophoreses
Heritabilities

Human related
Aquaculture systems
Profili di acquacoltura
Varietà
Ciguatera cases
Stamps, coins, misc.

Outreach
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Taxonomy
Nomi Comuni
Sinonimi
Morfologia
Morfometria
Immagini

References
Bibliografia

Strumenti

Special reports

Check for Aquarium maintenance | Check for Species Fact Sheets | Check for Aquaculture Fact Sheets

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Summary page | Point data | Nomi Comuni | Photos

Fonti Internet

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 14 - 26.5, mean 18.7 (based on 131 cells).

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 0.5312 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00851 (0.00413 - 0.01752), b=3.08 (2.91 - 3.25), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref. 93245).

Trophic level (Ref. 69278): 4.5 ±0.80 se; based on food items.

Resilienza (Ref. 120179): Basso, tempo minimo di raddoppiamento della popolazione 4.5 - 14 anni (K=0.27; tm=5).

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (51 of 100).

Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649): Very high vulnerability (83 of 100).

Price category (Ref. 80766): Medium.

Atractoscion aequidens (Cuvier, 1830)