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Hippocampus kuda Bleeker, 1852

Spotted seahorse
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Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050
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Hippocampus kuda   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Image of Hippocampus kuda (Spotted seahorse)
Hippocampus kuda
Picture by Greenfield, J.


Viet Nam country information

Common names: Cá Ngựa đen, Cá Ngựa lớn, Spotted seahorse
Occurrence: native
Salinity: brackish
Abundance: common (usually seen) | Ref: Nguyen, H.P. and N.T. Nguyen, 1994
Importance: | Ref:
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: protected | Ref: Lourie, S.A., A.C.J. Vincent and H.J. Hall, 1999
Uses: no uses
Comments: Known from the Gulf of Tonkin, Central and Southern Vietnam (Ref. 9706), Khan-Hoa (Ref. 30915), Nha Trang (Ref. 58534), Hon Ong and Phu Quoc Island, on soft bottom areas with sand, silt and seagrass (Ref. 129070). Listed in the 1994 Vietnam Red Data Book (Ref. 30915). Museum: Nam Phan (Cochin China), region around Saigon and the Mekong delta, CAS 20399 (Ref. 5515). Also Ref. 115213. Status of threat: Vulnerable (Ref. 46452), Endangered (Ref. 129070).
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/vm.html
National Fisheries Authority:
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Nguyen, H.P. and N.T. Nguyen, 1994
National Database:

Common names from other countries

Классификация / Names народные названия | синонимы | Catalog of Fishes(род, виды) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Syngnathiformes (Pipefishes and seahorses) > Syngnathidae (Pipefishes and seahorses) > Syngnathinae
Etymology: Hippocampus: Greek, ippos = horse + Greek,kampe = curvature (Ref. 45335).
  More on author: Bleeker.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range экология

морской; солоноватоводный ассоциированный с рифами; немигрирующий; пределы глубины 0 - 68 m (Ref. 37816), usually 0 - 8 m (Ref. 90102).   Tropical; 39°N - 28°S, 32°E - 154°W (Ref. 57009)

распространение страны | регионы FAO | Ecosystems | места находок | Point map | интродукции | Faunafri

Indo-Pacific: southern Africa, the Red Sea to Hawaii and French Polynesia; north to Japan, south to Australia.

Length at first maturity / Size / Вес / Возраст

Maturity: Lm 14.0  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 30.0 cm TL самец/пол неопределен; (Ref. 1602)

Краткое описание определительные ключи | морфология | морфометрия

колючие лучи спинного плавника (общее число) : 0; членистые (мягкие) лучи спинного плавника (общее число) : 17 - 18; колючие лучи анального плавника: 0; членистые (мягкие) лучи анального плавника: 4.

биология     глоссарий (например epibenthic)

Inhabit seagrass and marine algae areas of estuaries and seaward reefs; also on steep mud slopes. Found in open water and attached to drifting Sargassum up to 20 km from shore. Adults in pairs (Ref. 48635). Benthic to pelagic (Ref. 58302). Feeds on zooplankton (Ref. 85309). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 205). The males carry the eggs in a brood pouch which is found under the tail (Ref. 205). Not shown to be monogamous in the laboratory (Ref. 30915). Very popular aquarium fish. Highly valued species in traditional Chinese medicine (Ref. 30915). Has been reared in captivity (Ref. 35416).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | размножение | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | личинки

There are 20 - 1000 larvae in incubating sacks; time of development is 20-28 days. The males carry the eggs in a brood pouch which is found under the tail (Ref. 205).

Основная ссылка Upload your references | ссылки | координатор | соавторы

Lourie, S.A., R.A. Pollom and S.J. Foster, 2016. A global revision of the seahorses Hippocampus Rafinesque 1810 (Actinopterygii: Syngnathiformes): taxonomy and biogeography with recommendations for further research. Zootaxa 4146(1):1-66. (Ref. 115213)

Статус Красного Списка МСОП (Ref. 130435)

  уязвимый; см. Красный Список МСОП (VU) (A2cd+3cd+4cd); Date assessed: 16 August 2012

CITES (Ref. 128078)


Угроза для людей

  Harmless




Использование человеком

рыболовство: важный объект промысла; аквакультура (рыбоводство): коммерческий; аквариум: коммерческий
FAO(Publication : search) | FishSource |

дополнительная информация

Trophic ecology
пищевые объекты
Diet compositions
Food consumptions
Food rations
хищники
Ecology
экология
Home ranges
Population dynamics
Growths
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
Размерный состав
Mass conversions
Recruitments
Abundances
Life cycle
размножение
Maturities
Fecundities
Spawnings
Spawning aggregations
Egg(s)
Egg developments
личинки
динамика численности личинок
Distribution
страны
регионы FAO
Ecosystems
места находок
интродукции
BRUVS - Videos
Anatomy
Gill areas
мозг
Otoliths
Physiology
Body compositions
Nutrients
Oxygen consumptions
Swimming type
Swimming speeds
Visual pigment(s)
звуки, издаваемые рыбами
Diseases / Parasites
Toxicities (LC50s)
Genetics
генетика
Electrophoreses
Heritabilities
Human related
Aquaculture systems
особенности рыбоводства
степень растяжения
Ciguatera cases
Stamps, coins, misc.
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соавторы
References
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инструменты

Специальные отчеты

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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 21.3 - 29, mean 27.8 (based on 1008 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 0.5000   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00447 (0.00177 - 0.01127), b=3.00 (2.78 - 3.22), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref. 93245).
Trophic level (Ref. 69278):  3.6   ±0.5 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
устойчивость к внешним воздействиям (Ref. 120179):  средний (среднего размера), минимальное время удвоения популяции 1.4-4.4 года (tm=0.6; Fec=20-1000).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  Low vulnerability (15 of 100).
Категория цены (Ref. 80766):   Unknown.