Viet Nam country information

Common names: Cá Ngựa đen, Cá Ngựa lớn, Spotted seahorse
Occurrence: native
Salinity: brackish
Abundance: common (usually seen) | Ref: Nguyen, H.P. and N.T. Nguyen, 1994
Importance: | Ref:
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: protected | Ref: Lourie, S.A., A.C.J. Vincent and H.J. Hall, 1999
Uses: no uses
Comments: Known from the Gulf of Tonkin, Central and Southern Vietnam (Ref. 9706), Khan-Hoa (Ref. 30915), Nha Trang (Ref. 58534), Hon Ong and Phu Quoc Island, on soft bottom areas with sand, silt and seagrass (Ref. 129070). Listed in the 1994 Vietnam Red Data Book (Ref. 30915). Museum: Nam Phan (Cochin China), region around Saigon and the Mekong delta, CAS 20399 (Ref. 5515). Also Ref. 115213. Status of threat: Vulnerable (Ref. 46452), Endangered (Ref. 129070).
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/vm.html
National Fisheries Authority:
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Nguyen, H.P. and N.T. Nguyen, 1994
National Database:

Common names from other countries

Hippocampe d'estuaire, Yellow seahorse, Sea horse, ... more

Classification / Names Κοινά ονόματα | Συνώνυμα | Catalog of Fishes(Γένος, Είδη) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Syngnathiformes (Pipefishes and seahorses) > Syngnathidae (Pipefishes and seahorses) > Syngnathinae
Etymology: Hippocampus: Greek, ippos = horse + Greek,kampe = curvature (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Bleeker.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Οικολογία

Θαλασσινό(ά); Υφάλμυρο Υφαλόφιλο(α); μη μεταναστευτικό(ά); εύρος βάθους 0 - 68 m (Ref. 37816), usually 0 - 8 m (Ref. 90102). Tropical; 39°N - 28°S, 32°E - 154°W (Ref. 57009)

Κατανομή Χώρες | Περιοχές FAO | Οικοσυστήματα | Παρουσίες | Point map | Εισαγωγές | Faunafri

Indo-Pacific: southern Africa, the Red Sea to Hawaii and French Polynesia; north to Japan, south to Australia.

Length at first maturity / Μέγεθος / Βάρος / Age

Maturity: L_m 14.0 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 30.0 cm TL αρσενικό/απροσδιόριστο; (Ref. 1602)

Short description Κλείδες προσδιορισμού | Μορφολογία | Μορφομετρία

Ραχιαίες άκανθες (συνολικά) : 0; Μαλακές ραχιαίες ακτίνες (συνολικά) : 17 - 18; Εδρικές άκανθες: 0; Μαλακές εδρικές ακτίνες: 4.

Inhabit seagrass and marine algae areas of estuaries and seaward reefs; also on steep mud slopes. Found in open water and attached to drifting Sargassum up to 20 km from shore. Adults in pairs (Ref. 48635). Benthic to pelagic (Ref. 58302). Feeds on zooplankton (Ref. 85309). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 205). The males carry the eggs in a brood pouch which is found under the tail (Ref. 205). Not shown to be monogamous in the laboratory (Ref. 30915). Very popular aquarium fish. Highly valued species in traditional Chinese medicine (Ref. 30915). Has been reared in captivity (Ref. 35416).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | Αναπαραγωγή | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Προνύμφες

There are 20 - 1000 larvae in incubating sacks; time of development is 20-28 days. The males carry the eggs in a brood pouch which is found under the tail (Ref. 205).

Main reference Upload your references | Αναφορές | Συντονιστής | Συνεργάτες

Lourie, S.A., R.A. Pollom and S.J. Foster, 2016. A global revision of the seahorses Hippocampus Rafinesque 1810 (Actinopterygii: Syngnathiformes): taxonomy and biogeography with recommendations for further research. Zootaxa 4146(1):1-66. (Ref. 115213)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)

Ευάλωτο, βλέπε Κόκκινη Λίστα (VU) (A2cd+3cd+4cd); Date assessed: 16 August 2012

CITES (Ref. 128078)

Appendix II: International trade monitored

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Appendix II: Migratory species conserved through agreements

Threat to humans

Harmless

Human uses

αλιεία: πολύ εμπορικό; Υδατοκαλλιέργειες: Εμπορικό(ά); Ενυδρείο: Εμπορικό(ά)

FAO(Publication : search) | FishSource |

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Check for Aquarium maintenance | Check for Species Fact Sheets | Check for Aquaculture Fact Sheets

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Summary page | Σημειακά στοιχεία | Κοινά ονόματα | Photos

Διαδικτυακές πηγές

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 21.3 - 29, mean 27.8 (based on 1008 cells).

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00447 (0.00177 - 0.01127), b=3.00 (2.78 - 3.22), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref. 93245).

Τροφικό Επίπεδο (Ref. 69278): 3.6 ±0.5 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives

Ελαστικότητα (Ref. 120179): Μεσαίο(α), ελάχιστος χρόνος για διπλασιασμό πληθυσμού 1,4 - 4,4 έτη (tm=0.6; Fec=20-1000).

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Low vulnerability (15 of 100).

Price category (Ref. 80766): Unknown.

Hippocampus kuda Bleeker, 1852