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Hippocampus kuda Bleeker, 1852

Spotted seahorse
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Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050
This map was computer-generated and has not yet been reviewed.
Hippocampus kuda   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Image of Hippocampus kuda (Spotted seahorse)
Hippocampus kuda
Picture by Greenfield, J.


Viet Nam country information

Common names: Cá Ngựa đen, Cá Ngựa lớn, Spotted seahorse
Occurrence: native
Salinity: brackish
Abundance: common (usually seen) | Ref: Nguyen, H.P. and N.T. Nguyen, 1994
Importance: | Ref:
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: protected | Ref: Lourie, S.A., A.C.J. Vincent and H.J. Hall, 1999
Uses: no uses
Comments: Known from the Gulf of Tonkin, Central and Southern Vietnam (Ref. 9706), Khan-Hoa (Ref. 30915), Nha Trang (Ref. 58534), Hon Ong and Phu Quoc Island, on soft bottom areas with sand, silt and seagrass (Ref. 129070). Listed in the 1994 Vietnam Red Data Book (Ref. 30915). Museum: Nam Phan (Cochin China), region around Saigon and the Mekong delta, CAS 20399 (Ref. 5515). Also Ref. 115213. Status of threat: Vulnerable (Ref. 46452), Endangered (Ref. 129070).
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/vm.html
National Fisheries Authority:
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Nguyen, H.P. and N.T. Nguyen, 1994
National Database:

Common names from other countries

Klassifizierung / Names Namen | Synonyme | Catalog of Fishes(Gattung, Arten) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Syngnathiformes (Pipefishes and seahorses) > Syngnathidae (Pipefishes and seahorses) > Syngnathinae
Etymology: Hippocampus: Greek, ippos = horse + Greek,kampe = curvature (Ref. 45335).
  More on author: Bleeker.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ökologie

seewasser; brackwasser riff-verbunden; standorttreu; tiefenbereich 0 - 68 m (Ref. 37816), usually 0 - 8 m (Ref. 90102).   Tropical; 39°N - 28°S, 32°E - 154°W (Ref. 57009)

Verbreitung Länder | FAO Gebiete | Ecosystems | Vorkommen | Point map | Einführungen | Faunafri

Indo-Pacific: southern Africa, the Red Sea to Hawaii and French Polynesia; north to Japan, south to Australia.

Length at first maturity / Size / Gewicht / Alter

Maturity: Lm 14.0  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 30.0 cm TL Männchen/unbestimmt; (Ref. 1602)

Kurzbeschreibung Bestimmungsschlüssel | Morphologie | Morphometrie

Rückenflossenstacheln (insgesamt) : 0; Rückenflossenweichstrahlen (insgesamt) : 17 - 18; Afterflossenstacheln: 0; Afterflossenweichstrahlen: 4.

Biologie     Fachlexikon (Englisch) (z.B. epibenthic)

Inhabit seagrass and marine algae areas of estuaries and seaward reefs; also on steep mud slopes. Found in open water and attached to drifting Sargassum up to 20 km from shore. Adults in pairs (Ref. 48635). Benthic to pelagic (Ref. 58302). Feeds on zooplankton (Ref. 85309). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 205). The males carry the eggs in a brood pouch which is found under the tail (Ref. 205). Not shown to be monogamous in the laboratory (Ref. 30915). Very popular aquarium fish. Highly valued species in traditional Chinese medicine (Ref. 30915). Has been reared in captivity (Ref. 35416).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | Fortpflanzung | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larven

There are 20 - 1000 larvae in incubating sacks; time of development is 20-28 days. The males carry the eggs in a brood pouch which is found under the tail (Ref. 205).

Hauptreferenz Upload your references | Referenzen | Koordinator | Partner

Lourie, S.A., R.A. Pollom and S.J. Foster, 2016. A global revision of the seahorses Hippocampus Rafinesque 1810 (Actinopterygii: Syngnathiformes): taxonomy and biogeography with recommendations for further research. Zootaxa 4146(1):1-66. (Ref. 115213)

IUCN Rote Liste Status (Ref. 130435)

  gefährdet, siehe IUCN Red List (VU) (A2cd+3cd+4cd); Date assessed: 16 August 2012

CITES (Ref. 128078)


Bedrohung für Menschen

  Harmless




Nutzung durch Menschen

Fischereien: hoch kommerziell; Aquakultur: kommerziell; Aquarium: Kommerziell
FAO(Publication : search) | FishSource |

Mehr Information

Trophic ecology
Nahrungsorganismen
Diet compositions
Food consumptions
Food rations
Räuber
Ecology
Ökologie
Home ranges
Population dynamics
Growths
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
Längenhäufigkeiten
Mass conversions
Recruitments
Abundances
Life cycle
Fortpflanzung
Maturities
Fecundities
Spawnings
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Egg(s)
Egg developments
Larven
Larven Pop.Dyn.
Distribution
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FAO Gebiete
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Anatomy
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Gehirngröße
Otoliths
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Oxygen consumptions
Swimming type
Swimming speeds
Visual pigment(s)
Fisch Laute
Diseases / Parasites
Toxicities (LC50s)
Genetics
Genetik
Electrophoreses
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Aquakultur Profile
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References
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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 21.3 - 29, mean 27.8 (based on 1008 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 0.5000   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00447 (0.00177 - 0.01127), b=3.00 (2.78 - 3.22), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref. 93245).
Trophic level (Ref. 69278):  3.6   ±0.5 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Widerstandsfähigkeit (Ref. 120179):  mittel, Verdopplung der Population dauert 1,4 - 4,4 Jahre. (tm=0.6; Fec=20-1000).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  Low vulnerability (15 of 100).
Preiskategorie (Ref. 80766):   Unknown.