Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecology
Marine; brackish; demersal; depth range 0 - 100 m (Ref. 33839). Subtropical
Eastern Indian Ocean and Southwest Pacific: south coast of Australia; New Zealand (Ref. 5755).
Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 45.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 9563)
Dorsal
soft rays
(total): 56-69;
Anal
soft rays: 40 - 50. Body deep (47-60% SL). Snout slightly extended into fleshy process projecting more or less in front of oblique mouth. Scales very small, rather firmly attached; cycloid on both sides, covering head except well anteriorly. Caudal fin rays 14 -17 (Ref. 33839).
Common on silty sand substrates from estuaries and inshore waters down to 100 m depth. Juveniles occasionally entering rivers.
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae
Kailola, P.J., M.J. Williams, P.C. Stewart, R.E. Reichelt, A. McNee and C. Grieve, 1993. Australian fisheries resources. Bureau of Resource Sciences, Canberra, Australia. 422 p. (Ref. 6390)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Fisheries: commercial; aquaculture: experimental
More information
Common namesSynonymsMetabolismPredatorsEcotoxicologyReproductionMaturitySpawningSpawning aggregationFecundityEggsEgg development
ReferencesAquacultureAquaculture profileStrainsGeneticsElectrophoresesHeritabilityDiseasesProcessingNutrientsMass conversion
Tools
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