Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecologie
marien demersaal; diepte 10 - 300 m (Ref. 28016), usually 10 - 120 m (Ref. 11441). Tropical; 29°N - 5°N, 56°E - 83°E (Ref. 5222)
Indian Ocean: continental shelf of the northern Indian Ocean from the Gulf of Aden to Sri Lanka and Madras, India. Not known from the Persian Gulf nor the Red Sea. Records from the western Pacific are based on misidentifications of Epinephelus stictus or Epinephelus fasciatomaculos.
Lengte bij maturiteit / Grootte / Gewicht / Leeftijd
Maturity: Lm 39.2  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 55.0 cm TL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 3)
Dorsale stekels (totaal): 11; Dorsale zachte stralen (totaal): 15-17; Anale stekels 3; Anale zachte stralen: 8
Occurs over muddy sand or mud substrata and caught in depths of 63 to 100 m off the Kerala coast.
Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall, 1993. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222)
Status op de Rode Lijst van het IUCN (Ref. 130435)
Gevaar voor de mens
Harmless
Gebruik door de mens
Visserij: commercieel
Meer informatie
ReferentiesAquacultuurAquacultuurprofielKweeklijnenGeneticaElectrophoresesErfelijkheidZiektesVerwerkingNutrientsMassaconversie
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 22.5 - 28.6, mean 27 °C (based on 280 cells).
Fylogenetische diversiteitsindex (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01096 (0.00942 - 0.01277), b=3.03 (3.00 - 3.06), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
Trofisch niveau (Ref.
69278): 3.9 ±0.5 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Weerstandsvermogen (Ref.
120179): Gemiddeld, minimale populatieverdubbelingstijd 1,4-4,4 jaar (K=0.21-0.86; Fec=4,165).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (27 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 97.8 [43.3, 230.3] mg/100g; Iron = 1.08 [0.49, 2.64] mg/100g; Protein = 17.9 [16.3, 19.5] %; Omega3 = 0.243 [0.127, 0.461] g/100g; Selenium = 88.2 [41.0, 208.6] μg/100g; VitaminA = 29.5 [6.8, 121.5] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.14 [0.71, 1.89] mg/100g (wet weight);