Ikan bertulang rawan (sharks and rays) >
Myliobatiformes (Stingrays) >
Dasyatidae (Stingrays) > Neotrygoninae
Etymology: caeruleopunctata: Name from Latin 'caeruleus' (sky blue) and 'punctum' (dot or spot), referring to its bluespotted coloration and having a wider distribution than other blue-spotted forms..
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ekologi
laut berasosiasi dengan karang. Tropical
Indian Ocean: southern Indonesia and possibly westward to Africa.
Size / Weight / umur
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 45.0 cm WD jantan/; (Ref. 116741); 47.1 cm WD (female)
deskripsi pendek
Morfologi | Morfometrik
This large species of the kuhlii-complex (reaching at least 47 cm DW; males maturing at 31 cm DW) is distinguished by the following set of characters: disc is much broader than long, width 1.2-1.3 times length; pectoral apices are abruptly angular; snout fleshy, broadly rounded to obtuse, with angle 125-130°, its length 1.8-2.4 times interorbital width; maximum width is relatively well forward on disc, length from snout tip to pectoral-fin insertion 1.9-2 times and disc width 2.6-2.9 times horizontal distance from snout tip to maximum disc width; preoral length 1.6-2.3 times mouth width; internasal distance 1.4-1.8 in prenasal length; interspiracular distance 13-14% DW; nostril length 2.5-3.5% DW; nasal curtain width 8-9.4% DW; small mouth, its width 6.6-7.9% DW; horizontal distance from cloaca to caudal sting base 51-56% of disc length; thornlets are present in nuchal and lumbar regions in large individuals, but none from tail in all sizes; dermal denticles are entirely absent from body; pectoral-fin radials 105-110; total vertebral centra (including synarcual) 133-142, trunk centra (including synarcual) 38-43; blue spots are medium-sized, largest spot on disc 0.5-0.8 times eye width; with 0-3 (mean 0.8) blue spots on medial belt, largest 1.7-2.7% DW; mask-like marking dark, not covered with dark peppery spots; ventral surface of disc and pelvic fins are with sharply defined dark greyish brown submarginal bands; dark ventral tail before caudal sting; ventral tail fold is almost entirely dark in young (Ref. 116741).
This demersal fish occurs inshore to mid-continental and insular shelves. Males mature at 31 cm DW and individuals born ca 17 cm DW (Ref. 114953).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Kematangan | Reproduksi, perkembang biakan | Pemijahan | telur-telur | Fecundity | Larva
Last, P.R., White, W.T. and B. Séret, 2016. Taxonomic status of maskrays of the Neotrygon kuhlii species complex (Myliobatoidei: Dasyatidae) with the description of three new species from the Indo-West Pacific. Zootaxa 4083(4):533-561. (Ref. 116741)
Status IUCN Red List (Ref. 130435)
ancaman kepada manusia
Harmless
penggunaan manusia
informasi lanjut
Nama-nama umumSinonim (persamaan)metabolismePemangsaEkotoksikologiReproduksi, perkembang biakanKematanganPemijahanSpawning aggregationFecunditytelur-telurpekembangan telor
Umur / SaizPertumbuhanpanjang-beratpanjang-panjangukuran frekuensiMorfometrikMorfologiLarvaDinamika larvapemulihanKelimpahanBRUVS
AcuanBudidaya airprofil budidaya airStrainGenetikaElectrophoresesDiturunkanPenyakit-penyakitPengolahanNutrientsMass conversion
mitraGambarStamps, Coins Misc.Suara-suaraCiguateraKecepatanTipe renangArea insangOtolithsOtakPenglihatan / visi
Alat, peralatan
laporan khas
muat turun XML
Sumber internet
Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5039 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01096 (0.00342 - 0.03513), b=3.11 (2.86 - 3.36), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 3.4 ±0.3 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (40 of 100).
