Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
البيئة
بحري القاع; نطاق العمق ? - 100 m (Ref. 27000), usually 10 - 15 m (Ref. 114953). Tropical; 31°N - 18°S, 19°W - 14°E (Ref. 114953)
Eastern Central Atlantic: Morocco to Angola.
Length at first maturity / الحجم / وزن / العمر
Maturity: Lm 38.5, range 37 - 40 cm
Max length : 100.0 cm TL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 6513); common length : 40.0 cm TL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 114953); common length :50 cm TL (female); أعلا وزن تم نشرة: 1.4 kg (Ref. 114953)
Occurs in shallow coastal waters to moderate depth, over sandy and sandy-muddy bottoms. Feeds on mollusks and other benthic invertebrates, mainly shrimps (Ref. 6513, 114953). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 5377). Females mature at 37-40 cm TL, males ca. 30 cm TL; born at ca. 19 cm TL. Litters of 1-4 pups after short gestation; born at ca. 19 cm TL (Ref. 114953).
Life cycle and mating behavior
النضج | التكاثر | وضع البيض | بيض | الخصوبة | Larvae
Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449).
Stehmann, M., 1990. Platyrhinidae. p. 28. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 1. (Ref. 6513)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
استخدامات بشرية
مصائد: تجاري
مزيد من المعلومات
العمر/ الحجمنموالطول-الوزنالطول-الطولالطول- التردداتقياسات المظهر الخارجيالوصف الخارجيLarvaeحركة انتقال اليرقاتتوظيفالوفرةBRUVS
مراجعالأستزراع المائيملف الأستزراع المائيسلالاتجينيElectrophoresesالتوريثالأمراضمعالجةNutrientsMass conversion
أدوات
تقارير خاصة
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مصادر علي الأنترنت
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 15.6 - 20.9, mean 19.2 °C (based on 19 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.7500 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01000 (0.00244 - 0.04107), b=3.04 (2.81 - 3.27), in cm total length, based on all LWR estimates for this body shape (Ref.
93245).
مستوى غذائي (Ref.
69278): 3.6 ±0.44 se; based on food items.
المرونه (Ref.
120179): منخفض, الحد الزمني الأدني لتضاعف عدد أفراد المجتمع 4.5-14 سنة (Fec assumed to be <100).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (60 of 100).
