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Himantura uarnak (Gmelin, 1789)

Honeycomb stingray
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Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050
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Himantura uarnak   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Image of Himantura uarnak (Honeycomb stingray)
Himantura uarnak
Picture by Randall, J.E.


Thailand country information

Common names: Krabane Lai-mang-won
Occurrence: native
Salinity: brackish
Abundance: | Ref:
Importance: commercial | Ref:
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: no uses
Comments: Known from the Gulf of Thailand, Menam Tachin (Samut Sakhon) and Menam Chantaburi, Lem Sing (Laem Sing) (Ref. 1632); also from Prachuap Khiri Khan, Rayong, Trat and Songkhla (Ref. 37773). Also Ref. 6871.
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/th.html
National Fisheries Authority:
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Monkolprasit, S., S. Sontirat, S. Vimollohakarn and T. Songsirikul, 1997
National Database:

Common names from other countries

Classification / Names Tên thường gặp | Các synonym ( Các tên trùng) | Catalog of Fishes(Giống, Các loài) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Lớp phụ Cá sụn (cá mập và cá đuối) (sharks and rays) > Myliobatiformes (Stingrays) > Dasyatidae (Stingrays) > Urogymninae
Etymology: Himantura: Greek, iman, imantos = thong, strap + Greek, oura = tail (Ref. 45335).
  More on author: Gmelin.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Sinh thái học

Biển; Thuộc về nước lợ Cùng sống ở rạn san hô; sống cả ở nước ngọt và nuớc mặn (Ref. 51243); Mức độ sâu 20 - 50 m (Ref. 28016).   Subtropical; 23°C - 26°C (Ref. 12468); 38°N - 37°S, 34°E - 149°W

Sự phân bố Các nước | Các khu vực của FAO | Các hệ sinh thái | Những lần xuất hiện | Point map | Những chỉ dẫn | Faunafri

Indo-Pacific: Persian Gulf (Ref.80050); Red Sea (and eastern Mediterranean via Suez Canal) to southern Africa and French Polynesia, north to Taiwan, south to Australia. Also in the Arafura Sea (Ref. 9819). Collected from the estuary of the River Ganges (Ref. 33178). This name has been used for a number of similar spotted species (Ref. 6871). Probably a species complex (Ref. 35766). Its identity has been confused in many publications and Micronesian specimens should be re-examined (Ref. 37816).

Length at first maturity / Bộ gần gũi / Khối lượng (Trọng lượng) / Age

Maturity: Lm 83.0, range 82 - 84 cm
Max length : 200 cm WD con đực/không giới tính; (Ref. 3263); common length : 45.0 cm TL con đực/không giới tính; (Ref. 5450); Khối lượng cực đại được công bố: 150.0 kg (Ref. 124786)

Short description Khóa để định loại | Hình thái học | Sinh trắc học

Các tia vây lưng cứng (tổng cộng) : 0; Tia cứng vây hậu môn: 0. Huge stingray with conspicuous dark spots on a light brown disc; spots well-spaced in young but crowded to form reticulated pattern in adult; white ventrally; tail marked with bands of black and white; snout sharply pointed; disc with narrowly rounded outer corners, and tail long, slender and nearly three times body length when intact, with no caudal finfolds; disc without thorns but with band of flat denticles along midback (in adults); usually 1 medium-sized sting on tail (Ref. 5578).

Sinh học     Tự điển (thí dụ epibenthic)

Common off sandy beaches and in shallow estuaries and lagoons; also found in sandy areas of coral reefs (Ref. 9710). Also offshore down to 50 m depth (Ref. 5578). May enter fresh water (Ref. 5578). Feeds on small fishes, bivalves, crabs, shrimps, worms (Ref. 3263) and jellyfishes (Ref. 37816). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449). Common catch of the demersal tangle net, bottom trawl, longline and beach seine fisheries (Ref.58048). Popular angling fish (Ref. 3263). Not esteemed as a food fish (Ref. 3263). Used in Chinese medicine (Ref. 12166). Tail is used as It is parasitised by the monogeneans Dendromonocotyle colorni and Dendromonocotyle ukuthena on the dorsal skin surface (Ref. 124058).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | Sự tái sinh sản | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Ấu trùng

Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449). Distinct pairing with embrace (Ref. 205). Distinct pairing with embrace (Ref. 205). Bears 3 to 5 young in the summer (Ref. 5578). Size at birth about 21 (Ref.58048) - 28 cm WD (Ref. 6871).

Main reference Upload your references | Các tài liệu tham khảo | Người điều phối : McEachran, John | Người cộng tác

Fricke, R., 1999. Fishes of the Mascarene Islands (Réunion, Mauritius, Rodriguez): an annotated checklist, with descriptions of new species. Koeltz Scientific Books, Koenigstein, Theses Zoologicae, Vol. 31:759 p. (Ref. 33390)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)

  Endangered (EN) (A2d); Date assessed: 27 November 2020

CITES (Ref. 128078)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

  Venomous (Ref. 27550)




Human uses

Các nghề cá: Tính thương mại; cá để chơi: đúng; Bể nuôi cá: Tính thương mại
FAO(Publication : search) | FishSource |

Thêm thông tin

Trophic ecology
Các loại thức ăn
Diet compositions
Food consumptions
Food rations
Các động vật ăn mồi
Ecology
Sinh thái học
Home ranges
Population dynamics
Growths
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
Length-frequencies
Mass conversions
Recruitments
Abundances
Life cycle
Sự tái sinh sản
Maturities
Fecundities
Spawnings
Spawning aggregations
Egg(s)
Egg developments
Ấu trùng
Sự biến động ấu trùng
Anatomy
Gill areas
Não bộ
Otoliths
Physiology
Body compositions
Nutrients
Oxygen consumptions
Dạng bơi
Swimming speeds
Visual pigment(s)
Âm thanh của cá
Diseases / Parasites
Toxicities (LC50s)
Genetics
Di truyền
Electrophoreses
Heritabilities
Human related
Aquaculture systems
Các tổng quan nuôi trồng thủy sản
Các giống
Ciguatera cases
Stamps, coins, misc.

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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 24.2 - 28.6, mean 27.8 (based on 334 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 0.5000   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01698 (0.00840 - 0.03434), b=3.17 (2.98 - 3.36), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref. 93245).
Mức dinh dưỡng (Ref. 69278):  3.6   ±0.6 se; based on diet studies.
Thích nghi nhanh (Ref. 120179):  Rất thấp, thời gian nhân đôi của chủng quần tối thiểu là hơn 14 năm (Fec=3-5).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  Very high vulnerability (90 of 100).
Price category (Ref. 80766):   Low.