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Amblyraja radiata (Donovan, 1808)

Starry ray
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Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050
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Amblyraja radiata   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Image of Amblyraja radiata (Starry ray)
Amblyraja radiata
Picture by Ueberschär, B.


Sweden country information

Common names: Klorocka
Occurrence: native
Salinity: marine
Abundance: | Ref:
Importance: | Ref:
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: no uses
Comments: Occurrence: Native and regular (Ref. 30402).
National Checklist: Sweden checklist - Fish
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/sw.html
National Fisheries Authority:
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Muus, B. and P. Dahlström, 1978
National Database: Swedish Museum of Natural History

Common names from other countries

Classification / Names Nombres comunes | Sinónimos | Catalog of Fishes(Género, Especie) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Elasmobranquios (tiburones y rayas) (sharks and rays) > Rajiformes (Skates and rays) > Rajidae (Skates)
Etymology: Amblyraja: Greek, amblys = darkness + Latin, raja, -ae = ray (Raja sp.) (Ref. 45335).

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecología

marino; salobre demersal; oceanodromo (Ref. 51243); rango de profundidad 5 - 1540 m (Ref. 117245), usually 25 - 440 m (Ref. 114953).   Boreal; -1°C - 14°C (Ref. 49751); 79°N - 38°N, 95°W - 54°E (Ref. 55275)

Distribución Países | Áreas FAO | Ecosistemas | Ocurrencias, apariciones | Point map | Introducciones | Faunafri

North Atlantic and adjacent Arctic.

Length at first maturity / Tamaño / Peso / Age

Maturity: Lm 87.5  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 105 cm TL macho / no sexado; (Ref. 53748); peso máximo publicado: 11.4 kg (Ref. 53748); edad máxima reportada: 28 años (Ref. 88929)

Short description Claves de identificación | Morfología | Morfometría

Espinas dorsales (total) : 0; Espinas anales: 0. Adults are rhomboid in shape, young are rounder (Ref. 7251). Short, stiff, bluntly triangular snout; tail shorter than body (Ref. 5578). Upper surface very rough, with solid thornlets scattered all over disc and tail, underside smooth, except for some prickles on snout; a constant pattern of separate orbital thorns, a regular row of 13-17 large thorns from nape to first dorsal fin (Ref. 3167); large, close-set thorns with star-shaped bases at upper disc (Ref. 5578). Coloration highly variable; brownish grey with scattered irregular black blotches dorsally; white ventrally; with darker spots and blotches on tail and pelvic fins; black spot on tip of tail (Ref. 2708).

Biología     Glosario (por ej. epibenthic)

Eurybathic, eurythermic (Ref. 4426) and benthic (Ref. 58426). Cold temperate species found in offshore waters (Ref. 88171) on all kinds of bottoms (Ref. 3167), mainly sandy and muddy (Ref. 82311). In the northeast Atlantic most common between 50-100 m depth (Ref. 88187) at temperatures of 2-5 °C (Ref. 89120). Some seasonal migrations have been reported from the western Atlantic (Ref. 52109, 89121). Migration experiments showed that 85 % of tagged individuals remained within 93 km of the release site, with longest distance travelled at 180 km (Ref. 82319). Feed mainly on fish, crustaceans (Ref. 5951) and polychaete worms (Ref. 5578), but also on hydroids, molluscs, cephalopods and echinoderms (Ref. 49751); known to be a scavenger (Ref. 89122). Diet changes with increasing body size (Ref. 82311). Different populations of starry rays mature at different ages and sizes (Ref. 88171). Oviparous (Ref. 3167). Maturity size varies from 44-90 cm TL. Young hatch at ca. 8-12 cm TL (Ref. 114953). Young may tend to follow large objects, such as their mother (Ref. 205). Rarely reaches 60 cm in the North Sea (Ref. 88187). Able to detect weak electric fields generated by potential prey organisms and may also generate its own weak electric fields (Ref. 10311). Probably taken by hake trawlers (Ref. 5578). Few are dried and salted in Iceland (Ref. 6902). It is a common Skate whose landings are converted to fish-meal (Ref. 117245). It has been mentioned that North American specimens grow to a larger size than East-Atlantic specimens (Arve Lynghammar, pers.comm., 11/09).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | Reproducción | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larva

Distinct pairing with embrace. Oviparous, laying 10-45 egg cases each year (Ref. 44869, 41305). Eggs are oblong capsules with stiff pointed horns at the corners deposited in sandy or muddy flats (Ref. 205). Egg capsules are 3.4-8.9 cm long and 2.3-6.8 cm wide (Ref. 41250). Paired eggs are laid. Embryos feed solely on yolk (Ref. 50449). In the North Sea, fully formed individuals hatch after 4 months and pups are about 8-11 cm in length (Ref. 44869, 37969). In the Barents Sea, low water temperature may lengthen embryonic development time to 2.5-3 years (Ref. 44869).

Main reference Upload your references | Referencias | Coordinador : McEachran, John | Colaboradores

McEachran, J.D. and K.A. Dunn, 1998. Phylogenetic analysis of skates, a morphologically conservative clade of elasmobranchs (Chondrichthyes: Rajidae). Copeia 1998(2):271-290. (Ref. 27314)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)

  Vulnerable, ver lista roja de la UICN (VU) (A2bcd); Date assessed: 01 July 2019

CITES (Ref. 128078)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

  Harmless




Human uses

Pesquerías: escaso valor comercial; pesca deportiva: si
FAO(pesquerías: producción; publication : search) | FIRMS (Stock assessments) | FishSource |

Más información

Trophic ecology
componentes alimenticios
Diet compositions
Food consumptions
Food rations
Despredadores
Ecology
Ecología
Home ranges
Population dynamics
Growths
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
Length-frequencies
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Recruitments
Abundances
Life cycle
Reproducción
Maturities
Fecundities
Spawnings
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Egg(s)
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Fuentes de Internet

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): -0.8 - 5, mean 1 (based on 340 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 0.5010   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00316 (0.00272 - 0.00368), b=3.25 (3.21 - 3.29), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245).
Nivel trófico (Ref. 69278):  4.2   ±0.3 se; based on diet studies.
Resiliencia (Ref. 120179):  Bajo, población duplicada en un tiempo mínimo de 4.5-14 años (K=0.17; tm=4; Fec=13-20).
Prior r = 0.09, 95% CL = 0.06 - 0.13, Based on 1 full stock assessment.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  Moderate to high vulnerability (51 of 100).
Price category (Ref. 80766):   Medium.