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Torpedo sinuspersici Olfers, 1831

Variable torpedo ray
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Torpedo sinuspersici   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Image of Torpedo sinuspersici (Variable torpedo ray)
Torpedo sinuspersici
Picture by Ketabi, R. / S. Jamili

Iran country information

Common names: Separmahi-e-barghi-e-Irani
Occurrence: native
Salinity: marine
Abundance: | Ref:
Importance: | Ref:
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: no uses
Comments: Reported from the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea. From Kish Island (Ref. 111689).
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/ir.html
National Fisheries Authority:
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Iranian Fisheries Company and Iranian Fisheries Research Organization, 2000
National Database:

Common names from other countries

Torpille auréolée, Marbled electric ray, Torpille auréolée, ... more

分類 / Names 共通名の | 類義語 | Catalog of Fishes(部類, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

板鰓亜鋼(サメとエイ類) (sharks and rays) > Torpediniformes (Electric rays) > Torpedinidae (Electric rays)
Etymology: Torpedo: Latin, torpere = be sluggish (Ref. 45335).

Issue
Torpedo zugmayeri Engelhardt, 1912 could be a valid species after Weigmann (2016; Ref. 106604) (valid in ECoF, v. Jan. 2021).

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range 生態学

海; 汽水性の 関連する礁; 深さの範囲 1 - 200 m (Ref. 9710).   Tropical; 30°N - 31°S, 30°E - 72°E (Ref. 114953)

分布 国々 | 国連食糧農業機関の区域 | エコシステム | 事件 | Point map | 導入 | Faunafri

Western Indian Ocean: Persian Gulf (Ref. 80050), Red Sea eastward to India (Ref. 2712) and southward to Natal, South Africa (Ref. 5578).

サイズ / 重さ / 年齢

Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 130 cm TL オス/雌雄の選別がない; (Ref. 2712)

簡単な記述 検索表 | 形態学 | 形態計測学

Large ray with a small caudal fin and with papillae around the spiracles (Ref. 5578). Bright color pattern of circles and irregular marks, cream or golden on dark red or brown to blackish background dorsally (Ref. 5578).

生物学     用語集 (例 epibenthic)

Found inshore in sandy bottoms, and well offshore from the surf zone down to 200 m (Ref. 5578). Also on or near coral reefs (Ref. 12951, Ref. 114953). Common in shallow sandy areas (Ref. 2712). Feeds on bony fishes (Ref. 12951) and benthic invertebrates (Ref. 114953). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449). Males mature by 30 cm TL (Ref. 114953). Occurs singly but may form groups during the breeding season (Ref. 12951). Occasionally hooked by anglers, more often seen by divers; can deliver a strong shock (Ref. 2712). Flesh is edible (Ref. 12484). Can survive for hours after being stranded on the beach (Ref. 41394).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 幼生

Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449). With 9-22 in a litter (Ref. 12951). Form aggregations during the reproductive season (Ref. 41394).

主な参考文献 Upload your references | 参考文献 | コーディネーター : Carvalho, Marcelo | 協力者

Compagno, L.J.V., 1986. Torpedinidae. p. 112-113. In M.M. Smith and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. (Ref. 2712)

IUCNのレッドリストの状況は (Ref. 130435)

  欠足データ (DD) ; Date assessed: 07 February 2017

CITES (Ref. 128078)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

人間に対する脅威

Other (Ref. 2712)




Human uses

ゲームフィッシュ: はい
FAO(Publication : search) | FishSource |

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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 21.8 - 28.3, mean 25.5 (based on 370 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 0.5005   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01585 (0.00973 - 0.02580), b=3.00 (2.86 - 3.14), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref. 93245).
栄養段階 (Ref. 69278):  4.5   ±0.80 se; based on food items.
回復力 (Ref. 120179):  非常に低い, １４年以上の倍増期間の最小個体群 (Fec=9-22).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  Very high vulnerability (78 of 100).