Common names from other countries
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Écologie
marin; saumâtre démersal; profondeur ? - 300 m (Ref. 9563). Subtropical; 46°N - 41°S, 18°W - 179°E
Circumglobal: Atlantic (northern coast of Iberian peninsula to South Africa, also Madeira and western Mediterranean) and Indo-Pacific: southern Mozambique to South Africa; north to Japan, south to Australasia.
Taille / Poids / Âge
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 250 cm TL mâle / non sexé; (Ref. 3972); common length : 100.0 cm TL mâle / non sexé; (Ref. 3397)
Body olive green to brown above, paler below; head pores black; young silvery (Ref. 3972).
Inhabiting the continental shelf on sand or mud bottom (Ref. 4455). Buried with only its head exposed (Ref. 27121). Also found in estuaries (Ref. 9563).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturité | Reproduction | Frai | Œufs | Fécondité | Larves
Bauchot, M.-L., 1986. Ophichthidae (including Echelidae). p. 577-585. In P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.) Fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. volume 2. UNESCO, Paris. (Ref. 6522)
Statut dans la liste rouge de l'IUCN (Ref. 130435)
CITES (Ref. 128078)
Not Evaluated
Menace pour l'homme
Harmless
Utilisations par l'homme
Pêcheries: intérêt commercial mineur; pêche sportive: oui
Plus d'informations
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Sources Internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
115969): 13.4 - 27.4, mean 19.7 (based on 1148 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.7500 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00071 (0.00040 - 0.00124), b=2.97 (2.82 - 3.12), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
Niveau trophique (Ref.
69278): 4.1 ±0.6 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Résilience (Ref.
120179): Très faible, temps minimum de doublement de population supérieur à 14 ans (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (90 of 100).