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Pantodon buchholzi Peters, 1876

Freshwater butterflyfish
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Image of Pantodon buchholzi (Freshwater butterflyfish)
Pantodon buchholzi
Picture by Muséum-Aquarium de Nancy/B. Alenda


Congo (Brazzaville) country information

Common names: [No common name]
Occurrence: native
Salinity: freshwater
Abundance: | Ref:
Importance: | Ref:
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: live export: yes;
Comments: Present in the middle Congo River basin; known from the middle Congo River (Ref. 1879), Likouala (Kandéko River) (Ref. 53209) and Likoula-aux-Herbes (Ref. 44840, 53208). Also Ref. 42502.
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/cf.html
National Fisheries Authority:
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Daget, J. and A. Stauch, 1963
National Database:

Common names from other countries

Classificação / Names Nomes comuns | Sinônimos | Catalog of Fishes(Gênero, Espécies) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Osteoglossiformes (Bony tongues) > Pantodontidae (Freshwater Butterflyfish)
Etymology: Pantodon: Greek, pan = all + Greek, odous = teeth (Ref. 45335);  buchholzi: Named after Professor Dr. Buchholz, collector of the type specimens (Ref. 53310).
  More on author: Peters.

Issue
Type species of the genus, by monotypy (Ref. 3515). Also Ref. 53310.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecologia

; Água doce pelágico(a,os,as); potamódromo (Ref. 51243).   Tropical; 23°C - 30°C (Ref. 13371)

Distribuição Países | Áreas da FAO | Ecossistemas | Ocorrências | Point map | Introduções | Faunafri

West and Central Africa: Nigeria, Lake Chad, Cameroon, Ogowe basin, Congo basin and upper Zambezi River (Ref. 2921, Ref. 3515). Eastern distribution limit seems to be the Ouémé River in Benin (Ref. 1989, Ref. 3019), although it is also reported from the Jong River in Sierra Leone (Ref. 2921).

Tamanho / Peso / Idade

Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 11.9 cm TL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 52030)

Descrição suscinta Chaves de identificação | Morfologia | Morfometria

Espinhos dorsais (total) : 0; Raios dorsais (total) : 6; Espinhos anais: 0; Raios anais : 9 - 15. Compressed body, flattened on the dorsal side and head, careened on the ventral side behind the pelvic fins (Ref. 2921, Ref. 13851). Large mouth, with numerous teeth and a prominent lower jaw (Ref. 2921), upwardly directed (Ref. 3054, Ref. 42873). Short dorsal fin placed very posterior on the back (Ref. 2921), inserted behind the longer anal fin (Ref. 3054, Ref. 13851). Large development of the pectoral fins (Ref. 2921, Ref. 3054), enlarged and wing-like (Ref. 42873). Very advanced position of the pelvic fins, with 4 elongated, filamentous rays (Ref. 2921, Ref. 3054). The caudal fin is long, pointed and rather ragged, with the two centre rays the longest (Ref. 13851). Large cycloid scales (Ref. 2921), subcircular, with rounded but evident laterobasal angles (Ref. 53264): 26-30 lateral line scales, 21-26 predorsal scales (Ref. 52030, Ref. 52046). Extremely brilliant colored (Ref. 2921): dorsal side of the body olive-colored, ventral side silvery yellow amplified with carmine; sometimes with darker transversal bands on the back (Ref. 2921, Ref. 3032). The fins are vivid pink-colored with small brown-violet spots, forming transversal bands on the pectoral fins, and tinted with violet on the inside and extremities (Ref. 2921).

Biologia     Glossário (p.ex. epibenthic)

Obligate air-breathing (Ref. 126274); Pantodon buchholzi is a creature from calm waters (Ref. 51626). It lives in swamps, creeks and backwaters (Ref. 31256), and inhabits the calmer parts of rivers (Ref. 41580), where it can be seen on the surface waters (Ref. 4910). They are capable to jump out of the water, to search for insects or to escape from predators (Ref. 2921). It is not a glider, but a ballistic jumper (Ref. 52282), with a tremendous jumping power (Ref. 31256). It is an exophageous insectivore, feeding on terrestrial insects and aquatic larvae and nymphs of insects (Ref. 41580). It also feeds on crustaceans and fish (Ref. 7020). Introduced in 1905 to European aquarists (Ref. 51626, Ref. 53207). Pantodon buchholzi is a favorite fish for aquarists; in the aquarium it can rest with the top of the head and the large pectoral fins touching the surface, while the long rays of the pelvic fin hang down perpendicularly, forming a tempting morsel for other aggressive fish in the same tank, and therefore it should be stocked together with only bottom dwellers (Ref. 13851). Observed maximum length of 15.0 cm TL in aquarium (Ref. 2921, Ref. 3515).

Ciclo de vida ou comportamento de acasalamento Maturities | Reprodução | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larvas

It lays 80 to 220 eggs (Ref. 13371). The eggs have a diameter of about 1.5 mm (Ref. 41580).

Referência principal Upload your references | Referências | Coordenador | Colaboradores

Teugels, G.G., 1990. Pantodontidae. p. 116-118. In C. Lévêque, D. Paugy and G.G. Teugels (eds.) Faune des poissons d'eaux douces et saumâtres de l'Afrique de l'Ouest. Tome 1. Coll. Faune Trop. 28. Musée Royal de l'Afrique Centrale, Tervuren and Éditions de l'ORSTOM, Paris. 384 p. (Ref. 2921)

Status na Lista Vermelha da UICN (Ref. 130435)

  Segura ou pouco preocupante (LC) ; Date assessed: 05 June 2019

CITES (Ref. 128078)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Ameaça para os humanos

  Harmless




Uso pelos humanos

Pescarias: sem interesse; Aquário: Espécies comerciais
FAO(Publication : search) | FishSource |

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Estimates based on models

Índice de diversidade filogenética (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 1.5000   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01122 (0.00514 - 0.02450), b=3.04 (2.87 - 3.21), in cm Total Length, based on all LWR estimates for this body shape (Ref. 93245).
Nível Trófico (Ref. 69278):  3.6   ±0.52 se; based on food items.
Resiliência (Ref. 120179):  médio(a), tempo mínimo de duplicação da população 1,4 - 4,4 anos (Fec = 80-220).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  Low vulnerability (10 of 100).