Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecologie
marien demersaal. Subtropical; 9°S - 37°S
Southwest Atlantic: southern Brazil to southern Argentina.
Grootte / Gewicht / Leeftijd
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 60.0 cm TL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. ); common length : 40.0 cm TL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 6077)
Dorsale stekels (totaal): 5 - 6; Dorsale zachte stralen (totaal): 33; Anale stekels 3; Anale zachte stralen: 33 - 41; Wervels: 27. First dorsal fin composed of several short spines preceded by an anteriorly directed spine usually completely embedded under skin. Two detached anal spines anterior to soft anal fin. Lateral line curved and undulated, with more or less 10 branches anteriorly and fairly straight posteriorly (Ref. 27363). A black patch on the opercle is a conspicuous character of this species, thus the name signata (Ref. 3157).
Maximum length assumed to be 1.5 * 40 = 60 cm TL (RF).
Levenscyclus en paargedrag
Maturiteit | Voortplanting | Paaien | Eieren | Fecunditeit | Larven
Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea and W.B. Scott, 1991. World fishes important to North Americans. Exclusive of species from the continental waters of the United States and Canada. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. (21):243 p. (Ref. 4537)
Status op de Rode Lijst van het IUCN (Ref. 130435)
Gevaar voor de mens
Harmless
Gebruik door de mens
Visserij: van minder commercieel belang
Meer informatie
Lokale namenSynoniemenMetabolismePredatorenEcotoxicologieVoortplantingMaturiteitPaaienPaaiaggregatiesFecunditeitEierenOntwikkeling van de eieren
Tools
Speciale rapporten
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Internetbronnen
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 11.3 - 22, mean 19.3 °C (based on 75 cells).
Fylogenetische diversiteitsindex (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01047 (0.00482 - 0.02276), b=2.92 (2.74 - 3.10), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trofisch niveau (Ref.
69278): 3.4 ±0.45 se; based on food items.
Weerstandsvermogen (Ref.
120179): Gemiddeld, minimale populatieverdubbelingstijd 1,4-4,4 jaar (Assuming tm>=2).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (44 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): High to very high vulnerability (75 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 82.5 [51.3, 199.0] mg/100g; Iron = 1.55 [0.91, 3.06] mg/100g; Protein = 19.4 [17.7, 21.2] %; Omega3 = 0.37 [0.24, 0.61] g/100g; Selenium = 32.6 [17.9, 64.8] μg/100g; VitaminA = 12.1 [3.9, 34.2] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.637 [0.443, 0.914] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
