FB-9224 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=9224 Animalia Chordata Teleostei Perciformes/Serranoidei Epinephelidae Epinephelus Epinephelus costae (Steindachner, 1878) Granik smugowy Dooth Kushar Wakar ﺙﻭﺩ لُؤز بُقعة طهب Cernia musu pinzutu Alexanderbarsch Gestreifter Zackenbarsch Goldblotch grouper Golden grouper Aleksandria kivikoha Kuldlaik-kivikoha Badèche Mérou badèche Lokos Kirnja zlatica Cernia dorata Lahoz Falso abade Falso abadejo Stira Toboko 地中海石斑魚 地中海石斑鱼 Cerna alexandrina (non Valenciennes, 1828) Cerna catalonica Gibert, 1913 Cerna chrysotaenia Döderlein, 1882 Epinephelus alexandrinus (non Valenciennes, 1828) Epinephelus chrysotaenia (Döderlein, 1882) Epinephelus sp. A1 Not applicable Epinephelus sp. A2 Not applicable Epinephelus zaslavskii Poll, 1949 Mycteroperca costae (Steindachner, 1878) Plectropoma fasciatus Costa, 1844 Serranus chrysotaenia (Döderlein, 1882) Serranus costae Steindachner, 1878 1994-03-25 2024-04-16 Bertolini, F., U. D'Ancona, E. 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(Ref. 138487) FB-pic-9224-11199 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/gif FAO 1996-05-25 1997-05-20 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=9224 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Epcos_u0.gif http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/gif/tn_Epcos_u0.gif FB-pic-9224-11200 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/gif FAO 1996-05-25 1996-05-25 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=9224 http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Epcos_j0.gif http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/gif/tn_Epcos_j0.gif FB-pic-9224-38379 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Thorke A.S. Østergaard 2003-12-20 2003-12-20 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=9224 http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Epcos_j2.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Epcos_j2.jpg FB-GeneralDescr-9224 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Estelita Emily Capuli 1994-03-25 00:00:00 2024-04-16 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=9224 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Found on sand, mud or rock bottoms (Ref. 6789). Juveniles form small groups (Ref. 12382) in shallow water (Ref. 89707). Feeds on crustaceans, mollusks, and fish (Ref. 12382). Does not adapt well in aquariums (Ref. 12382). Maximum depth from Ref. 128827. Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall 1993 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222) FB-DiagnosticDescr-9224 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rodolfo B. Reyes 1994-06-10 00:00:00 2013-10-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=9224 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Distinguished by the following characteristics: head and body brownish, fins darker; two dark lines on head, one from lower edge of the eye to the ventral rear edge of the interopercle, 2nd from the dark maxillary streak to the lower edge of the preopercle; adults brown or greyish brown; distinct yellow blotch on body below the spinous dorsal fin; body depth less than head length, depth contained 3.0-3.4 times in Sl; head length 2.5-2.7 times in SL; interorbital area convex; angular preopercle, 2-3 enlarged serrae at the angle; middle and lower opercular spines flat but distinct, upper spine not apparent; straight or slightly convex upper edge of operculum; maxilla usually reaching a vertical rear edge of eye, ventral edge of maxilla with low step, no scale on maxilla; 2 rows of teeth on midlateral part of lower jaw; lateral body scales ctenoid, with auxilliary scales in adults; pyloric caeca 17 (Ref. 89707). Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall 1993 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222) FB-Morphology-9224 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rodolfo B. Reyes 1994-06-10 00:00:00 2013-10-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=9224 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Dorsal spines (total): 11; Dorsal soft rays (total): 15 - 17; Analspines: 3; Analsoft rays: 8 Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall 1993 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222) FB-Distribution-9224 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Estelita Emily Capuli 1994-03-25 00:00:00 2025-11-06 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=9224 Eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean Sea. Records of Epinephelus alexandrinus from Madeira are apparently based on misidentifications of Myctoperca fusca. Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall 1993 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222) FB-Uses-9224 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Estelita Emily Capuli 1994-03-25 00:00:00 2024-04-16 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=9224 fisheries: minor commercial; price category: very high; price reliability: questionable: based on ex-vessel price for species in this genus Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall 1993 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222) FB-TrophicStrategy-9224 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Drina Sta. Iglesia 2000-12-13 00:00:00 2014-04-08 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public costae http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Found on sand, mud or rock bottoms (Ref. 6789). Juveniles form small groups. Feeds on crustaceans, mollusks, and fish. Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall 1993 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222) FB-Size-9224 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Estelita Emily Capuli 1994-03-25 00:00:00 2024-04-16 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=9224 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat 140 cm SL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 12382)) Göthel, H. 1992 Fauna marina del Mediterráneo. Ediciones Omega, S.A., Barcelona. 319 p. (Ref. 12382) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#DiagnosticDescription Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Habitat-9224 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Estelita Emily Capuli 1994-03-25 00:00:00 2024-04-16 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=9224 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology demersal; marine; depth range 1 - 300 m (Ref. 27000), usually 4 - 160 m (Ref. 95541) Reiner, F. 1996 Catálogo dos peixes do arquipélago de Cabo Verde. Publ. Avuls. Inst. Port. Invest. Mar. 2:339 p. (Ref. 27000) FAO EastMed Project 2013 Species identification plates, Arabic/Egyptian/English version 2013. FAO EastMed Project (Ref. 95541)