FB-7320 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=7320 Animalia Chordata Teleostei Perciformes/Serranoidei Grammistidae Pseudogramma Pseudogramma polyacantha (Bleeker, 1856) Heuningkoek-vetsak Bold-spot soapfish False gramma Honeycomb podge One-spot dottyback Palespot podge Palespotted podge Pale-spotted podge Togemegisu Kerapu Kerapu tanda 多棘拟线鲈 多棘擬線鱸 Gnathypops samoensis Fowler & Silvester, 1922 Pseudochromis polyacanthus Bleeker, 1856 Pseudogramma polyacanthum (Bleeker, 1856) Pseudogramma polyacanthus (Bleeker, 1856) 1993-02-10 2013-03-14 Herre, A.W.C.T.0 Check list of Philippine fishes. Res. Rep. U.S. Fish Wild. Serv. (20):1-977. (Ref. 280) Masuda, H., K. Amaoka, C. Araga, T. Uyeno and T. Yoshino0 The fishes of the Japanese Archipelago. Vol. 1. Tokai University Press, Tokyo, Japan. 437 p. (text). (Ref. 559) Wass, R.C.0 An annotated checklist of the fishes of Samoa. Natl. Ocean. Atmos. Adminis. Tech. Rept., Natl. Mar. Fish. Serv., Spec. Sci. Rept. Fish. (781). (Ref. 592) Myers, R.F.0 Micronesian reef fishes. Second Ed. Coral Graphics, Barrigada, Guam. 298 p. (Ref. 1602) Smith, J.L.B. and M.M. Smith0 The fishes of Seychelles. Rhodes University, Grahamstown. 215 p. (Ref. 1623) Randall, J.E., G.R. Allen and R.C. Steene0 Fishes of the Great Barrier Reef and Coral Sea. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, Hawaii. 506 p. (Ref. 2334) Hureau, J.-C.0 La base de données GICIM: Gestion informatisée des collections ichthyologiques du Muséum. p. 225-227. In Atlas Préliminaire des Poissons d'Eau Douce de France. Conseil Supérieur de la Pêche, Ministère de l'Environnement, CEMAGREF et Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris. (Ref. 4517) Smith, J.L.B.0 Fishes of Inhaca. p. 131-136. In W. Macnae and M. Kalk (eds.) A natural history of Inhaca Island, Moçambique. Witwatersrand University Press, Johannesburg. (Ref. 5285) Kailola, P.J.0 The fishes of Papua New Guinea: a revised and annotated checklist. Vol. II Scorpaenidae to Callionymidae. Research Bulletin No. 41, Research Section, Dept. of Fisheries and Marine Resources, Papua New Guinea. (Ref. 6192) Smith, M.M.0 Pseudogrammidae. p. 541-542. In M.M. Smith and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. (Ref. 6635) Shao, K.-T., J.-P. Chen and S.-C. Shen0 Marine fishes of the Ken-Ting National Park. Ken-Ting National Park Headquarters, Construction and Planning Administration, Ministry of Interior. 427 p. (Ref. 6700) Randall, J.E. and V.E. Brock0 Observations on the ecology of Epinephelinae and lutjanid fishes of the Society Islands, with emphasis on food habits. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 89(1):9-16. (Ref. 6701) Paxton, J.R., D.F. Hoese, G.R. Allen and J.E. Hanley0 Pisces. Petromyzontidae to Carangidae. Zoological Catalogue of Australia, Vol. 7. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra, 665 p. (Ref. 7300) Francis, M.P.0 Checklist of the coastal fishes of Lord Howe, Norfolk, and Kermadec Islands, Southwest Pacific Ocean. Pac. Sci. 47(2):136-170. (Ref. 8879) Randall, J.E. and C. Anderson0 Annotated checklist of the epipelagic and shore fishes of the Maldives Islands. Ichthyol. Bull. of the J.L.B. Smith Inst. of Ichthyol. (59):1-47. (Ref. 11303) Kulbicki, M., J.E. Randall and J. Rivaton0 Checklist of the fishes of the Chesterfield Islands (Coral Sea). Micronesica 27(1/2):1-43. (Ref. 11897) Kulbicki, M. and J.T. Williams0 Checklist of the shorefishes of Ouvea Atoll, New Caledonia. Atoll Res. Bull. 444:26 p. (Ref. 13236) Randall, J.E., H. Ida, K. Kato, R.L. Pyle and J.L. Earle0 Annotated checklist of inshore fishes of the Ogasawara Islands. Nat. Sci. Mus. Monogr. (11):1-74. (Ref. 26066) Randall, J.E. and C.C. Baldwin0 Revision of the serranid fishes of the subtribe <i>Pseudogrammina</i>, with descriptions of five new species. Indo-Pac. Fish. (26):56 p. (Ref. 27020) Randall, J.E.0 Randall's tank photos. Collection of 10,000 large-format photos (slides) of dead fishes. Unpublished. (Ref. 28618) Allen, G.R. and P.L. Munday0 Kimbe Bay rapid ecological assessment: the coral reefs of Kimbe Bay (West New Britain, Papua New Guinea), Volume 3: Fish diversity of Kimbe Bay. The Nature Conservancy, South Pacific program Office, Auckland, New Zealand. 107 p. (Ref. 28888) Pauly, D., R. Froese and J.S. Albert0 The BRAINS table. p. 195-198. In R. Froese and D. Pauly (eds.) FishBase 98: concepts, design and data sources. ICLARM, Manila, Philippines. 298 p. (Ref. 30504) Allen, G.R. and R.C. Steene0 Fishes of Christmas Island Indian Ocean. Christmas Island Natural History Association, Christmas Island, Indian Ocean, 6798, Australia. 197 p. (Ref. 30874) Wu, H.L., K.-T. Shao and C.F. Lai (eds.)0 Latin-Chinese dictionary of fishes names. The Sueichan Press, Taiwan. 1028 p. (Ref. 31517) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the Natural History Museum, London (formerly British Museum of Natural History (BMNH)). Natural History Museum, London (formerly British Museum of Natural History (BMNH)). (Ref. 31982) Fricke, R.0 Fishes of the Mascarene Islands (Réunion, Mauritius, Rodriguez): an annotated checklist, with descriptions of new species. Koeltz Scientific Books, Koenigstein, Theses Zoologicae, Vol. 31:759 p. (Ref. 33390) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the Gulf Coast Research Laboratory (GCRL). The Gulf Coast Research Laboratory (GCRL), Ocean Springs, Mississippi, USA. (Ref. 34634) Anonymous0 The icthyological collection of the Zoological Museum Hamburg (ZMH). Division of Ichthyology and Herpetology, Zoological Museum Hamburg (ZMH). (Ref. 35508) Kami, H.T.0 Check-list of Guam fishes, supplement I. Micronesica 7(1-2):215-228. (Ref. 35721) Randall, J.E. and K.K.P. Lim (eds.)0 A checklist of the fishes of the South China Sea. Raffles Bull. Zool. Suppl. (8):569-667. (Ref. 36648) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology, Grahamstown, South Africa. J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology, Grahamstown, South Africa. (Ref. 36670) Murdy, E.O., C.J. Ferraris Jr., D.I. Hoese and R.C. Steene0 Preliminary list of fishes from Sombrero Island, Philippines, with fifteen new records. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 94(4):1163-1173. (Ref. 37603) Myers, R.F.0 Micronesian reef fishes: a comprehensive guide to the coral reef fishes of Micronesia, 3rd revised and expanded edition. Coral Graphics, Barrigada, Guam. 330 p. (Ref. 37816) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian Institution). Smithsonian Institution-Division of Fishes. (Ref. 38732) Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall0 Serranidae. p. 2442-2547. In K.E. Carpenter and V.H. Niem (eds.) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Vol. 4. Bony fishes part 2 (Mugilidae to Carangidae). Rome, FAO. 2069-2790 p. (Ref. 39231) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the American Museum of Natural History. American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West , NY 10024-5192, USA. (Ref. 41414) Allen, G.R.0 Reef fishes of Milne Bay Province, Papua New Guinea. In T. Werner and G. Allen (eds). A rapid biodiversity assessment of the coral reefs of Milne Bay Province, Papua New Guinea. RAP Working Papers 11, Conservation International, Washington, D.C. (Ref. 41464) Randall, J.E.0 Report on fish collections from the Pitcairn Islands. Atoll Res. Bull. (461):1-36. (Ref. 41650) Kapoor, D., R. Dayal and A.G. Ponniah0 Fish biodiversity of India. National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources Lucknow, India.775 p. (Ref. 45255) Anonymous0 Fish collection of the Royal Ontario Museum. Royal Ontario Museum. (Ref. 47438) Allen, G.R. and M. Adrim0 Coral reef fishes of Indonesia. Zool. Stud. 42(1):1-72. (Ref. 47567) Chen, J.-P., R.-Q. Jan and K.-T. Shao0 Checklist of reef fishes from Taiping Island (Itu Aba Island), Spratly Islands, South China Sea. Pac. Sci. 51(2):143-166. (Ref. 48445) Chen, J.-P., K.-T. Shao and C.-P. Lin0 A checklist of reef fishes from the Tungsha Tao (Pratas Island), South China Sea. Acta Zoologica Taiwanica 6(2):13-40. (Ref. 48451) Hardy, J.D. Jr. (comp.)0 Coral reef fish species. NOAANational Oceanographic Data Center. NODC Coral Reef Data and Information Management System. USA. 537 p. (Ref. 48497) Kuiter, R.H. and T. Tonozuka0 Pictorial guide to Indonesian reef fishes. Part 1. Eels- Snappers, Muraenidae - Lutjanidae. Zoonetics, Australia. 1-302. (Ref. 48635) Letourneur, Y., P. Chabanet, P. Durville, M. Taquet, E. Teissier, M. Parmentier, J.-C. Quéro and K. Pothin0 An updated checklist of the marine fish fauna of Reunion Island, south-western Indian Ocean. Cybium 28(3):199-216. (Ref. 53568) Randall, J.E.0 Reef and shore fishes of the South Pacific. New Caledonia to Tahiti and the Pitcairn Islands. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, Hawaii. 720 p. (Ref. 54980) Chen, C.-H.0 Checklist of the fishes of Penghu. FRI Special Publication No. 4. 175 p. (Ref. 55073) Pereira, M.A.M.0 Preliminary checklist of reef-associated fishes of Mozambique. Maputo, Ministtry for the Coordination of Environmental Affairs (MICOA). 21 pp. (Ref. 57683) Khalaf, M.A.0 Fish fauna of the Jordanian Coast, Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea. Journal of King Abdulaziz University: Marine Sciences 15(1):23-50. (Ref. 58021) Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences0 Chinese aquatic germplasm resources database. http://zzzy.fishinfo.cn (Ref. 58108) Nguyen, N.T. and V.Q. Nguyen0 Biodiversity and living resources of the coral reef fishes in Vietnam marine waters. Science and Technology Publishing House, Hanoi. (Ref. 58534) Hoese, D.F., D.J. Bray, J.R. Paxton and G.R. Allen0 Fishes. In Beasley, O.L. and A. Wells (eds.) Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Volume 35 Australia: ABRS & CSIRO Publishing, 2178 p. (Ref. 75154) Allen, G.R. and D.R. Robertson0 <i>Pseudogramma axelrodi</i>, a new species of serranid fish from the Tropical Eastern Pacific Ocean. Ichthyology (1995) 72-75. (Ref. 81033) Seeto, J. and W.J. Baldwin0 A checklist of the fishes of Fiji and a bibliography of Fijian fish. Division of Marine Studies Technical Report 1/2010. The University of the South Pacific. Suva, Fiji. 102 p. (Ref. 85272) Department of Fisheries Malaysia0 Valid local name of Malaysian marine fishes. Department of Fisheries Malaysia. Ministry of Agriculture and Agro-based Industry. 180 p. (Ref. 85449) Fricke, R., M. Kulbicki and L. Wantiez0 Checklist of the fishes of New Caledonia, and their distribution in the Southwest Pacific Ocean (Pisces). Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde A, Neue Serie 4:341-463. (Ref. 86942) Allen, G.R. and M.V. Erdmann0 Reef fishes of the East Indies. Perth, Australia: Universitiy of Hawai'i Press, Volumes I-III. Tropical Reef Research. (Ref. 90102) Williams, J.T. and J. Viviani0 <>iPseudogramma polyacantha</i> complex (Serranidae, tribe Grammistini): DNA barcoding results lead to the discovery of three cryptic species, including two new species from French Polynesia. Zootaxa 4111(3):246-260. (Ref. 116906) Tsuboi, M., W. van der Bijl, B.T. Kopperud, J. Erritzoe, K.L. Voje, A. Kotrschal, K.E. Yopak, S.P. Collin, A.N. Iwaniuk and N. Kolm0 Breakdown of brain-body allometry and the encephalization of birds and mammals. Nat. Ecol. Evol. 2:1495-1500. (Ref. 118717) Allen, G.R. and M.V. Erdmann0 Coral reef fishes of Timor-Leste. p. 33-82. In G.R. Allen and M.V. Erdmann (eds). A rapid biological assessment of Timor-Leste. Conservation International. (Ref. 118793) Delrieu-Trottin, E., S. Mona, J. Maynard, V. Neglia, M. Veuille and S. Planes0 Population expansions dominate demographic histories of endemic and widespread Pacific reef fishes. Sci. Rep. 7(40519):1-13. (Ref. 130991) Price, S.A., S.T. Friedman, K.A. Corn, O. Larouche, K. Brockelsby, A.J. Lee, M. Nagaraj, N.G. Bertrand, M. Danao, M.C. Coyne, J.R. Estrada, R. Friedman, E. Hoeft, M. Iwan, D. Gross, J.H. Kao, B. Landry, M.J. Linares, C. McGlinn and …0 FishShapes v1: Functionally relevant measurements of teleost shape and size on three dimensions. Ecology 103(e3829):1-2. (Ref. 137577) FB-pic-7320-12101 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1996-10-08 2010-10-06 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=7320 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats depth range: 8-10 m Locality: Chichi-jima, Ogasawara Island, Japan. http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Pspol_u0.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Pspol_u0.jpg Locality: Chichi-jima, Ogasawara Island, Japan. FB-pic-7320-16544 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1998-02-23 2002-09-25 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=7320 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Pspol_u1.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Pspol_u1.jpg FB-pic-7320-19596 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1999-05-03 2010-10-06 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=7320 http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Pspol_u2.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Pspol_u2.jpg Locality: Keei, Kona, Hawaii. FB-pic-7320-19597 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1999-05-03 2000-11-25 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=7320 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology beach Locality: Sanur, Bali, Indonesia. http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Pspol_u3.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Pspol_u3.jpg Locality: Sanur, Bali, Indonesia. FB-GeneralDescr-7320 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Estelita Emily Capuli 1993-02-10 00:00:00 2013-03-14 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=7320 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Secretive (Ref. 48635); lives among corals of shallow reef flats and lagoons (Ref. 1602). Also found under dead coral pieces but quickly sneaks away when looking underneath (Ref. 48635). Solitary (Ref 90102). Randall, J.E. and C.C. Baldwin 1997 Revision of the serranid fishes of the subtribe <i>Pseudogrammina</i>, with descriptions of five new species. Indo-Pac. Fish. (26):56 p. (Ref. 27020) FB-DiagnosticDescr-7320 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1995-09-01 00:00:00 2013-03-14 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=7320 Brownish with dusky reticulations (Ref. 6635). No dermal flap or small tentacle dorsally on eye. Two large pores in interorbital space, one on each side close to the edge of the orbit. Tubular anterior nostril near the edge of the snout at the base of the upper lip, the tube is not long; when laid back reaching almost half way to posterior nostril. Second lateral line not fully developed. Longitudinal scale series 46-50(Ref. 27020). Smith, M.M. 1986 Pseudogrammidae. p. 541-542. In M.M. Smith and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. (Ref. 6635) FB-Morphology-7320 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1995-09-01 00:00:00 2013-03-14 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=7320 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Dorsal spines (total): 7 - 8; Dorsal soft rays (total): 19 - 22; Analspines: 3; Analsoft rays: 15 - 18; Vertebrae: 25 - 27 Smith, M.M. 1986 Pseudogrammidae. p. 541-542. In M.M. Smith and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. (Ref. 6635) FB-Distribution-7320 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Estelita Emily Capuli 1993-02-10 00:00:00 2018-01-23 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=7320 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Indo-Pacific: Mauritius and the Cargados Carajos Shoals and Sri Lanka to French Polynesia (Moorea and Scilly Atoll); north to Japan; south to Australia. Williams, J.T. and J. Viviani 2016 <>iPseudogramma polyacantha</i> complex (Serranidae, tribe Grammistini): DNA barcoding results lead to the discovery of three cryptic species, including two new species from French Polynesia. Zootaxa 4111(3):246-260. (Ref. 116906) FB-TrophicStrategy-7320 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Auda Kareen Ortañez 2007-08-09 00:00:00 2008-11-20 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public polyacantha http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Found inshore (Ref. 75154). Nguyen, N.T. and V.Q. Nguyen 2006 Biodiversity and living resources of the coral reef fishes in Vietnam marine waters. Science and Technology Publishing House, Hanoi. (Ref. 58534) FB-Size-7320 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Estelita Emily Capuli 1993-02-10 00:00:00 2013-03-14 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=7320 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution 8.6 cm SL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 1602)) Myers, R.F. 1991 Micronesian reef fishes. Second Ed. Coral Graphics, Barrigada, Guam. 298 p. (Ref. 1602) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Habitat-7320 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Estelita Emily Capuli 1993-02-10 00:00:00 2013-03-14 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=7320 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size reef-associated; marine; depth range 1 - 65 m (Ref. 90102) Allen, G.R. and M.V. Erdmann 2012 Reef fishes of the East Indies. Perth, Australia: Universitiy of Hawai'i Press, Volumes I-III. Tropical Reef Research. (Ref. 90102)