FB-5388 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5388 Animalia Chordata Teleostei Anguilliformes Muraenidae Echidna Echidna nebulosa (Ahl, 1789) Bircaca Moreia estrelada Blompaling Abu Jineh Asfan Nashuj Qmum muraqata Barason Panangitan Pabukang benhe Muréna boschova Muréna hvězdovitá Snefnugmuræne Stjernehimmel-muræne Sternchenmuräne Bosch' moray eel Bosch's moray Bosch's reef-eel Clouded eel Clouded moray Clouded reef eel Floral moray Nebulous moray eel Snowflake eel Snowflake moray Snowflake Moray Starry eel Starry moray White moray Zebra moray Räitsak-nürisuumureen Tähnik-nürisuumureen bonu dakudakulauci Tähtimureena Murène à fleurs Murène étoilée Pūhi-kāpā Kumo-utsubo Semis Hagman-lisadso Malanhi മലഞ്ഞി മാലഞി Belut Belut-laut belang Muria karang Ai'aiuga Kal Mkunga Mkunga-chui Stjärnmuräna Puhi Saulinga-pam సొలింగ పామ్  Ahas-dagat Igat Payangitan Cá Chình bông Morena estrellada Morena estriada Anguille morel grise Apate Fau ote kolo Halawig Indang Mhunga dawo Mouveng Ogdok Posau Puhi kaitamoko Puhi Pulli gal-gulla Starry moray 云纹蛇鳝(云纹海鳝) 星带蝮鯙 星帶蝮鯙 波氏裸胸鱔 波氏裸胸鳝 薯鳗 虎鳗 钱鳗 雲紋蛇鱔 雲紋蛇鱔(雲紋海鱔) Echidna variegata Forster, 1848 Gymnothorax boschi (Bleeker, 1853) Gymnothorax boschii (Bleeker, 1853) Lycodontis boschi (Bleeker, 1853) Muraena boschii Bleeker, 1853 Muraena nebulosa Ahl, 1789 Muraena ophis Rüppell, 1830 Poecilophis nebulosa (Ahl, 1789) 1992-04-15 2024-05-28 Herre, A.W.C.T.0 Check list of Philippine fishes. 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Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, March 2012. (Ref. 90062) Allen, G.R. and M.V. Erdmann0 Reef fishes of the East Indies. Perth, Australia: Universitiy of Hawai'i Press, Volumes I-III. Tropical Reef Research. (Ref. 90102) Fricke, R., P. Durville, G. Bernardi, P. Borsa, G. Mou-Tham and P. Chabanet0 Checklist of the shore fishes of Europa Island, Mozambique Channel, southwestern Indian Ocean, including 302 new records. Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde A, 6:247-276. (Ref. 93651) Cornish, A.S.0 Fish assemblages associated with shallow, fringing coral communities in sub-tropical Hong Kong: species composition, spatial and temporal patterns. Hong Kong: Pok Fu Lam, University of Hong Kong, PhD Thesis, 300 p. (Ref. 94637) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, April 2014. (Ref. 95632) Page, L.M., H. Espinosa-Pérez, L.T. Findley, C.R. Gilbert, R.N. Lea, N.E. Mandrak, R.L. Mayden and J.S. Nelson0 Common and scientific names of fishes from the United States, Canada and Mexico, 7th edition. Bethesda, Maryland: American Fisheries Society, Special Publication 34, 384 p. (Ref. 96293) Love, M.S., C.W. Mecklenburg, T.A. Mecklenburg and L.K. Thorsteinson0 Resource inventory of marine and estuarine fishes of the West Coast and Alaska: A checklist of North Pacific and Arctic Ocean species from Baja California to the Alaska-Yukon border. U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, Biological Resources Division, Seattle, Washington, 98104. (Ref. 96339) Wickel, J., A. Jamon, M. Pinault, P. Durville and P. Chabanet0 Composition et structure des peuplements ichtyologiques marins de l’île de Mayotte (sud-ouest de l’océan Indien). Cybium 38(3):179-203. (Ref. 97629) Stobbs, R.E.0 Comorian fish names with a preliminary list of Malagasy common names. Investigational Report No. 35 (Ref. 97705) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, [accessed 13/04/2015]. (Ref. 101110) Iglésias, T.L., A. Dornburg, M.C. Brandley, M.E. Alfaro and D.L. Warren0 Life in the unthinking depths: energetic constraints on encephalization in marine fishes. J. Evol. Biol. 28(5):1080-1090. (Ref. 104901) eElurikkus0 eElurikkus koondab ühte portaali Eesti eluslooduse andmed. http://elurikkus.ut.ee/ (Ref. 105471) Termeki on Eesti Keele Instituudi0 Termeki on Eesti Keele Instituudi. http://term.eki.ee/termbase/view/7351963/ (Ref. 105574) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en (accessed 08/06/2017). (Ref. 115257) Palacios-Salgado, D.S., A. Ramírez-Valdez, A.A. Rojas-Herrera, J. Granados Amores and M.A. Melo-García0 Marine fishes of Acapulco, Mexico (eastern Pacific ocean). Marine Biodiversity 44(4):471-490. (Ref. 116062) Miller, T.J.0 Feeding behavior of <i>Echidna nebulosa</i>, <i>Enchelycore pardalis</i>, and <i>Gymnomuraena zebra</i> (Teleostei: Muraenidae). Copeia 662-672. (Ref. 118229) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from htttps://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en [accessed May, 2018] (Ref. 118272) Tsuboi, M., W. van der Bijl, B.T. Kopperud, J. Erritzoe, K.L. Voje, A. Kotrschal, K.E. Yopak, S.P. Collin, A.N. Iwaniuk and N. Kolm0 Breakdown of brain-body allometry and the encephalization of birds and mammals. Nat. Ecol. Evol. 2:1495-1500. (Ref. 118717) Allen, G.R. and M.V. Erdmann0 Coral reef fishes of Timor-Leste. p. 33-82. In G.R. Allen and M.V. Erdmann (eds). A rapid biological assessment of Timor-Leste. Conservation International. (Ref. 118793) Loh, K.H., K.T. Shao and H.M. Chen0 Length-weight relationships for 39 species of moray eel from the waters around Taiwan. J. Appl. Ichthyol. 27:945-948. (Ref. 121652) Rajan, P.T. and S.S. Mishra0 Fishes of Andaman and Nicobar Islands: An updated checklist. J. Andaman Sci. Assoc. 23(2):148-181. (Ref. 122316) University of Western Australia0 Benthic BRUVS data 2019. Video BRUVS from Jessica Meeuwig. (Ref. 122752) Qiu, S., B. Chen, J. Du, K.-H. Loh, J. Liao, X. Liu and W. Yang0 Checklist of the coral fish fauna of Xisha Islands, China. Biodiversity Data Journal 9: e63945. (Ref. 123833) Grove, J.S., D.J. Long, D.R. Robertson and B.C. Victor0 List of fishes of the Galapagos Archipelago, Ecuador. J. Ocean Sci. Found. 39:14-22. (Ref. 127348) Hazes, B.0 Hazes' underwater photos. Collection of Philippine underwater photos. Unpublished. (Ref. 127519) To, A.W.L., K.S.H. Ching and S.K.H. Shea0 Hong Kong reef fish photo guide. Eco-Education and Resources Centre (Ref. 128523) Flandinette, P.0 Secret Seas Discovering the secrets of Oman's underwater world. Mazoon Printing, Publishing and Packaging LLC: Muscat, Oman. 239p. (Ref. 129713) Balisco, R.A.T., V.S. Ticzon, B.R. Samaniego, W.-C. Huang, B.J. Gonzales and T.-Y. Liao0 Marine fishes of Palawan, Philippines: species diversity, new records, and conservation status. Regional Studies in Marine Science 60(2023) 102825:1-10. (Ref. 130287) Huang, W.-C., Balisco, R.A., F.C. Evacitas and T.-Y. Liao0 Description of a new moray eel (Anguilliformes: Muraenidae) from the Philippines, with a preliminary assessment of genetic and morphological variations of the <i>Uropterygius concolor</i> species complex. J. Fish Biol. 103(3):593-602. (Ref. 131362) Tsuji, T.0 The technique and ecology surrounding Moray fishing: A case study of Moray trap fishing on Mactan Island, Philippines. pp. 167-181. In R. Ono, D. Addison and A. Morrison (Eds.). Prehistoric marine resource use in the Indo-Pacific region. Canberra: Australian National University Press, 204 p. (Ref. 131374) Price, S.A., S.T. Friedman, K.A. Corn, O. Larouche, K. Brockelsby, A.J. Lee, M. Nagaraj, N.G. Bertrand, M. Danao, M.C. Coyne, J.R. Estrada, R. Friedman, E. Hoeft, M. Iwan, D. Gross, J.H. Kao, B. Landry, M.J. Linares, C. McGlinn and …0 FishShapes v1: Functionally relevant measurements of teleost shape and size on three dimensions. Ecology 103(e3829):1-2. (Ref. 137577) FB-pic-5388-2877 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1995-02-10 2023-09-21 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5388 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Ecneb_u1.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Ecneb_u1.jpg FB-pic-5388-6059 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/gif FAO 1995-11-08 1997-12-22 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5388 http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Ecneb_u0.gif http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/gif/tn_Ecneb_u0.gif FB-pic-5388-12035 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/gif FAO 1996-09-30 2008-08-04 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5388 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Ecneb_u1.gif http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/gif/tn_Ecneb_u1.gif FB-pic-5388-12792 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1996-12-31 2000-07-17 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5388 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Ecneb_u0.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Ecneb_u0.jpg FB-pic-5388-12793 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1996-12-31 1999-07-09 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5388 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Ecneb_u2.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Ecneb_u2.jpg FB-pic-5388-12794 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1996-12-31 2000-07-17 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5388 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat tidepool http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Ecneb_u3.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Ecneb_u3.jpg FB-pic-5388-13145 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1997-02-02 1999-06-24 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5388 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Ecneb_u5.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Ecneb_u5.jpg FB-GeneralDescr-5388 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Estelita Emily Capuli 1992-04-15 00:00:00 2024-05-28 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5388 Found between rocks and corals of intertidal reef flats, also in shallow lagoon and seaward reefs to depths of at least 10 m (Ref. 9710, 58302). Benthic (Ref. 58302). Nocturnal (Ref. 68964). Feed mainly on crustaceans. Protogynous hermaphroditism unconfirmed for this species (Ref. 84746). Safely kept with small aquarium fishes (Ref. 9710). Solitary, seen usually in the open or with only head exposed (Ref 90102). Minimum depth reported taken from Ref. 86942. Chen, H.-M., K.-T. Shao and C.T. Chen 1994 A review of the muraenid eels (Family Muraenidae) from Taiwan with descriptions of twelve new records. Zool. Stud. 33(1):44-64. (Ref. 6934) FB-DiagnosticDescr-5388 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Estelita Emily Capuli 1992-05-21 00:00:00 2013-04-12 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5388 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Body white with 2 rows of large dendritic black blotches; black spots between blotches become irregularly linear with age. Yellow eyes (Ref. 48635).Description: Characterized by body depth at gill opening 14-23 in TL; origin of dorsal fin above or slightly anterior to gill opening; anus near middle of body; without canine teeth; conical to rounded molariform jaw teeth; vomer with rounded molariform teeth in two rows that diverge anteriorly in large individuals (Ref. 90102). Randall, J.E., G.R. Allen and R.C. Steene 1990 Fishes of the Great Barrier Reef and Coral Sea. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, Hawaii. 506 p. (Ref. 2334) FB-Morphology-5388 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Estelita Emily Capuli 1992-05-21 00:00:00 2013-04-12 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5388 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Dorsal spines (total): 0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 0; Analspines: 0; Analsoft rays: 0; Vertebrae: 119 - 126 Randall, J.E., G.R. Allen and R.C. Steene 1990 Fishes of the Great Barrier Reef and Coral Sea. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, Hawaii. 506 p. (Ref. 2334) FB-Distribution-5388 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Estelita Emily Capuli 1992-04-15 00:00:00 2025-11-05 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5388 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Indo-West Pacific: Red Sea and East Africa (Ref. 33390) and Persian Gulf (Ref. 68964) to the Society Islands, north to southern Japan and the Hawaiian Islands, south to Lord Howe Island; throughout Micronesia. Eastern Central Pacific: southern Baja California, Mexico and from Costa Rica to northern Colombia (Ref. 9324). Also found in Southeast Atlantic. Myers, R.F. 1991 Micronesian reef fishes. Second Ed. Coral Graphics, Barrigada, Guam. 298 p. (Ref. 1602) FB-Uses-5388 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Estelita Emily Capuli 1992-04-15 00:00:00 2024-05-28 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5388 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution fisheries: minor commercial; aquarium: commercial; price category: medium; price reliability: very questionable: based on ex-vessel price for species in this family Castle, P.H.J. 1984 Muraenidae. In W. Fischer and G. Bianchi (eds.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Indian Ocean (Fishing Area 51). Volume. 1. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 3258) Miyasaka, A. 1993 A database on scientific and common names of fishes exported from Hawaii. The information was derived from the above mentioned database. A printout of the names is also available from the State of Hawaii, Department of Land and Natural Resources, 1151 Punchbowl Street, Honolulu, Hawaii. (Ref. 5358) FB-LifeCycle-5388 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Philip Munday 1992-04-15 00:00:00 2024-05-28 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=5388&StockCode=5647 Protogyny unconfirmed (Ref. 84746). Fishelson, L. 1992 Comparative gonad morphology and sexuality of the Muraenidae (Pisces, Teleostei). Copeia 1992(1):197-209. (Ref. 32169) FB-TrophicStrategy-5388 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Estelita Emily Capuli 1992-05-21 00:00:00 2018-06-28 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public nebulosa http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Found between rocks and corals of intertidal reef flats, also in shallow lagoon and seaward reefs to depths of at least 10 m (Ref. 9710, 58302). Benthic (Ref. 58302). Occasionally leaves the water and travels between tidal pools (Ref. 1602). Feeds on fish and crabs, mainly on crustaceans (Ref. 1602). Also Ref. 9137, 58534. Number of strikes and time to locate a capture a prey did not differ significantly, whether feeding on small or large prey. Prey manipulation and feeding involve behaviors such as orientation, 'M' (i.e., the eel moves in a general forward and/or reverse direction, possibly forming an "M" configuration), rotation, shaking, releasing and feeding when feeding on small prey; however, behaviors such as orientation, 'M,' rotation, knotting 1, knotting 2, probing, releasing and feeding define those which feed on large prey. Manipulating and feeding on different sizes varies in terms of time involved; larger prey takes six times as long as small prey (Ref. 118229). Myers, R.F. 1991 Micronesian reef fishes. Second Ed. Coral Graphics, Barrigada, Guam. 298 p. (Ref. 1602) FB-Size-5388 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Estelita Emily Capuli 1992-04-15 00:00:00 2024-05-28 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5388 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats 100.0 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 48635)) Kuiter, R.H. and T. Tonozuka 2001 Pictorial guide to Indonesian reef fishes. Part 1. Eels- Snappers, Muraenidae - Lutjanidae. Zoonetics, Australia. 1-302. (Ref. 48635) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Habitat-5388 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Estelita Emily Capuli 1992-04-15 00:00:00 2024-05-28 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5388 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution reef-associated; marine; depth range 0 - 48 m (Ref. 58302), usually ? - 10 m (Ref. 30404) Mundy, B.C. 2005 Checklist of the fishes of the Hawaiian Archipelago. Bishop Mus. Bull. Zool. (6):1-704. (Ref. 58302) Kuiter, R.H. 1998 Photo guide to fishes of the Maldives. Atoll Editions, Victoria, Australia. 257 p. (Ref. 30404)