FB-5367 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5367 Animalia Chordata Teleostei Perciformes/Serranoidei Epinephelidae Epinephelus Epinephelus areolatus (Forsskål, 1775) Garoupa areolada Stompstert-klipkabeljou Gatow Hamour Hamoor Kushar Kutwah Qutwa Sammam Shelwa Suman لؤز ذو لعوة Baraka Lapu-lapu Pugapo Pugapong tiger Suno Areolate grouper Areolate rock cod Areolate rockcod Areolated grouper Areolated rockcod Flat-tail cod Green-spotted rock cod Grouper Reef cod Rock cod Seabass Squaretail rock cod Squaretail rockcod Squaretail rock-cod Spotted grouper Squaretail grouper Yellow-spotted rock cod Yellowspotted rockcod Yellow-spotted rockcod Yellow-spotted rock-cod Mérou aréolé Vieille maconde Lokos Inid Liglig Omon-hata കലവ  Kerapu Kerapu bintik bulat Kerapu ekor putih Sumeyn Faroa Hontu Lapu lapu Lapu-lapu Lapu-lapung aswang Sigapo Talbusan Cá Mú chấm Cá Song chấm Mero areolado Bulang Galiyeshal Garopa makerek kinur Gayot Gerape bandi Kerapu ekor putih Kiapu kubah Kurapu Lapu Mahang Mantis Ngatela Okke Pugnon Saukoton Sebog Tagulu pohaha Tingag 宝石斑鱼 宝石石斑鱼 寶石斑魚 寶石石斑魚 流氓格仔 石斑 糯米格 芝麻斑 过鱼 鲙 Bodianus melanurus Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1817 Ephinephelus areolatus (Forsskål, 1775) Epinephelus angularis (Valenciennes, 1828) Epinephelus chlorostigma (non Valenciennes, 1828) Epinephelus craspedurus Jordan & Richardson, 1910 Epinephelus waandersii (Bleeker, 1858) Perca areolata Forsskål, 1775 Serranus angularis Valenciennes, 1828 Serranus celebicus Bleeker, 1851 Serranus glaucus Day, 1871 Serranus waandersii Bleeker, 1858 1992-04-01 2024-09-03 Brouard, F. and R. 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(Ref. 118628) Allen, G.R. and M.V. Erdmann0 Coral reef fishes of Timor-Leste. p. 33-82. In G.R. Allen and M.V. Erdmann (eds). A rapid biological assessment of Timor-Leste. Conservation International. (Ref. 118793) Smallwood, C.B., A. Tate and K.L. Ryan0 Weight-length summaries for Western Australian fish species derived from surveys of recreational fishers at boat ramps. Fisheries Research Report No. 278, Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, Western Australia. 151pp. (Ref. 119023) Wilson, K.D.P.0 Artificial reefs and reef fish in Hong Kong. Hong Kong: Friends of the Country Parks & Cosmos Books Ltd., 176p. (Ref. 119494) Songco, A.0 Personal communication. Tubbataha species list. Excel file "MyReport_Species_21May2019". (Ref. 121724) Situ, Y.Y. and Y.J. Sadovy0 A preliminary study on local species diversity and seasonal composition in a Hong Kong wet market. Asian Fish. Sci. 17:235-248. (Ref. 125552) Chung, S.W.C., S.K. Tong, Y. Xiao and Y.Y. 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Sudhan, T. Umamaheswari and P. Padmavathy0 Length-weight relationships and Fulton’s Condition Factor (K) for 29 demersal reef fishes caught by longline. Thalassas: An International Journal of Marine Sciences 39:1263-1270. (Ref. 132229) Price, S.A., S.T. Friedman, K.A. Corn, O. Larouche, K. Brockelsby, A.J. Lee, M. Nagaraj, N.G. Bertrand, M. Danao, M.C. Coyne, J.R. Estrada, R. Friedman, E. Hoeft, M. Iwan, D. Gross, J.H. Kao, B. Landry, M.J. Linares, C. McGlinn and …0 FishShapes v1: Functionally relevant measurements of teleost shape and size on three dimensions. Ecology 103(e3829):1-2. (Ref. 137577) Petit-Marty, N., M. Vázquez-Luis and I.E. Hendriks0 Use of the nucleotide diversity in COI mitochondrial gene as an early diagnostic of conservation status of animal species. Conserv. Lett. 14(1):1-7. (Ref. 138103) FB-pic-5367-9386 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1996-03-01 1998-10-24 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5367 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Sao Wisata Resort Locality: Maumere, Flores, Indonesia. http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Epare_j0.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Epare_j0.jpg Locality: Maumere, Flores, Indonesia. FB-pic-5367-9388 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1996-03-01 2000-11-05 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5367 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Epare_f0.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Epare_f0.jpg FB-pic-5367-9389 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1996-03-01 2001-07-30 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5367 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Epare_u3.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Epare_u3.jpg FB-pic-5367-9390 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1996-03-01 2010-07-21 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5367 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#DiagnosticDescription http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Epare_u2.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Epare_u2.jpg Locality: Nuweiba, Sinai, Egypt. FB-pic-5367-44315 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Information Center Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences 2006-04-07 2006-04-07 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5367 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Epare_u5.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Epare_u5.jpg FB-GeneralDescr-5367 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1992-04-01 00:00:00 2024-09-03 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5367 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Usually found in seagrass beds or on fine sediment bottoms near rocky reefs, dead coral, or alcyonarians (Ref. 5222), in shallow continental shelf waters (Ref. 27353). Juveniles are common at water depths to 80 m (Ref. 6390). Probably spawn during restricted periods and form aggregations when doing so (Ref. 27352). Eggs and early larvae are probably pelagic (Ref. 6390). Feed on fish and benthic invertebrates, primarily prawns and crabs (Ref. 4787, 27354). Caught with hook-and-line, traps, and trawls; common in the markets of Hong Kong, Singapore and probably throughout its range (Ref. 39231). Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall 1993 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222) FB-DiagnosticDescr-5367 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rodolfo B. Reyes 1994-06-10 00:00:00 2019-02-20 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5367 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Uses This species is distinguished by the following characters: body depth less than head length, 2.7-3.3 in SL (for specimens 14-31 cm SL); head length 2.4-2.8 in SL; D XI,15-17; pectoral rays 17-19 (usually 17-18); body scales ctenoid, cycloid scales on thorax and ventrally on abdomen; body with auxiliary scales; anal fin of adults rounded to slightly angular, longest soft ray 2.0-2.6 in HL; gill rakers of first gill arch 8-10 + 14-16; pyloric caeca 11-17; preopercle with 2-7 enlarged serrae at the angle; upper edge of operculum straight or slightly convex; midlateral part of lower jaw with 2 rows of teeth; lateral-line scales 49-53; caudal fin slightly convex in juveniles, truncate or slightly emarginate in adults. Colour of head, body, and fins pale, covered with numerous close-set brown, brownish yellow or greenish yellow spots (becoming smaller and increase in number as growth increases), the largest about size of pupil, those on front of head smaller than those on operculum; pectoral fins pale, with small dark spots on the rays; posterior edge of caudal fin with a distinct white margin (Ref. 39231, 90102). Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall 1999 Serranidae. p. 2442-2547. In K.E. Carpenter and V.H. Niem (eds.) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Vol. 4. Bony fishes part 2 (Mugilidae to Carangidae). Rome, FAO. 2069-2790 p. (Ref. 39231) FB-Morphology-5367 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rodolfo B. Reyes 1994-06-10 00:00:00 2019-02-20 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5367 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Dorsal spines (total): 11; Dorsal soft rays (total): 15 - 17; Analspines: 3; Analsoft rays: 8 Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall 1999 Serranidae. p. 2442-2547. In K.E. Carpenter and V.H. Niem (eds.) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Vol. 4. Bony fishes part 2 (Mugilidae to Carangidae). Rome, FAO. 2069-2790 p. (Ref. 39231) FB-Distribution-5367 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1992-04-01 00:00:00 2021-11-16 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5367 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Indo-Pacific: Red Sea and the Persian Gulf to Natal, South Africa and east to Fiji, north to Japan, south to the Arafura Sea (Ref. 9819) and northern Australia. Recently recorded from Tonga (Ref. 53797). Appears to be absent from Micronesia, Polynesia, and most islands of the western Indian Ocean. Often confused with Epinephelus chlorostigma. Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall 1993 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222) FB-Uses-5367 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1992-04-01 00:00:00 2024-09-03 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5367 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats fisheries: commercial; aquaculture: commercial FAO 1994 FAO Yearbook. Fishery statistics: catches and landings. Vol. 74: 1992. FAO Fish. Ser. 43:677 p. (Ref. 8984) Garibaldi, L. 1996 List of animal species used in aquaculture. FAO Fish. Circ. 914. 38 p. (Ref. 12108) FB-TrophicStrategy-5367 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1998-10-02 00:00:00 2024-02-05 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public areolatus http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Usually found in seagrass beds or on fine sediment bottoms near rocky reefs, dead coral, or alcyonarians (Refs. 5222, 9773), in shallow continental shelf waters (Ref. 27353). Juveniles are common at water depths to 80 m (Ref. 6390). Probably spawn during restricted periods and form aggregations when doing so (Ref. 27352). Eggs and early larvae are probably pelagic (Ref. 6390). Feed on fish and benthic invertebrates, primarily prawns and crabs (Ref. 4787, 27354). Feed in water to more than 100 m depth (Ref. 27354). Probably make frequent use of shelters, suggesting an 'ambush' method of feeding (Refs. 6390, 9773). Kailola, P.J., M.J. Williams, P.C. Stewart, R.E. Reichelt, A. McNee and C. Grieve 1993 Australian fisheries resources. Bureau of Resource Sciences, Canberra, Australia. 422 p. (Ref. 6390) FB-Size-5367 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1992-04-01 00:00:00 2024-09-03 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5367 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#DiagnosticDescription 53.0 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 131628)); max. published weight: 1,968 g (Ref. 131628); max. reported age: 15 years (Ref. 27352) Nguyen, K.Q. 2024 Length-weight and length-length relationships of 16 marine fish species in Vietnam. Ocean and Coastal Research 72:e24031. (Ref. 131628) Nguyen, K.Q. 2024 Length-weight and length-length relationships of 16 marine fish species in Vietnam. Ocean and Coastal Research 72:e24031. (Ref. 131628) Shapiro, D.Y. 1987 Reproduction in groupers. p. 295-327. In J.J. Polovina and S. Ralston (eds.) Tropical snappers and groupers. Biology and fisheries management. Westview Press, Boulder. (Ref. 27352) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Habitat-5367 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1992-04-01 00:00:00 2024-09-03 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5367 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution reef-associated; marine; depth range 6 - 200 m (Ref. 2334) Randall, J.E., G.R. Allen and R.C. Steene 1990 Fishes of the Great Barrier Reef and Coral Sea. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, Hawaii. 506 p. (Ref. 2334)