FB-5350 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5350 Animalia Chordata Teleostei Perciformes/Serranoidei Epinephelidae Epinephelus Epinephelus maculatus (Bloch, 1790) لُؤز جناح مُرتفع Baraka Lapu-lapu Pugapo Blackfin cod Bloch's rockcod Brown-spotted rock-cod Highfin grouper Marbled rock cod Marbled rockcod Rock cod Spotted grouper Spotted rockcod Spotty cod Trout cod kawakawa Grisette Loche de sable Loche uitoe Mérou haute voile Lokos Shirobuchihata Kolaji ಕೊಲಜಿ  Lejibjib Kolamin Pulli kalawa കലവ മീന് കൊലമീന് പുള്ളി കലവ പുളളി കലവ  Gobra Hekaru गोबरा हीकरू Kerapu Kerapu bintik Kerapu sirip tinggi Gatala-puleuli Kalava கலவா கலவா  Bontoo బొంతు   Lapu lapu Lapu-lapu Cá Song mác Mero aleta alta Bantulon Bulang Bwaloi Cheung-gig-paan Galiyelinipom Hyan-pii-n thik Kiapu nyarengkeh Kinao Kofarufaru Kufarufaru Kurapu Ngâdrè Okke Tingag Titiriri 石斑 花点石斑鱼 花英斑 花點石斑魚 过鱼 鲙 Epinephelus maculates (Bloch, 1790) Holocentrus albofuscus Lacepède, 1802 Holocentrus albo-fuscus Lacepède, 1802 Holocentrus maculatus Bloch, 1790 Plectropoma kulas Thiollière, 1857 Serranus medurensis Günther, 1873 Serranus sebae Bleeker, 1854 1992-03-28 2013-03-08 Coppola, S.R., W. 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Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5350 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Epmac_u5.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Epmac_u5.jpg FB-pic-5350-9565 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1996-03-03 2000-11-08 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5350 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Epmac_u6.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Epmac_u6.jpg FB-pic-5350-9566 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1996-03-03 2000-11-08 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5350 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Diseases http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Epmac_u7.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Epmac_u7.jpg FB-pic-5350-11224 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/gif FAO 1996-05-26 1996-05-26 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5350 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Diseases http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Epmac_u1.gif http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/gif/tn_Epmac_u1.gif FB-pic-5350-11225 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/gif FAO 1996-05-26 1996-05-26 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5350 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Diseases http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Epmac_j1.gif http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/gif/tn_Epmac_j1.gif FB-pic-5350-18486 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1998-11-04 2001-07-31 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5350 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Diseases http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Epmac_u8.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Epmac_u8.jpg FB-pic-5350-27972 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 2000-11-08 2000-11-08 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5350 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Diseases http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Epmac_uc.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Epmac_uc.jpg FB-GeneralDescr-5350 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1992-03-28 00:00:00 2013-03-08 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5350 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Juveniles are found in shallow coral rubble, adults in isolated coral heads of lagoon and seaward reefs to depths of 82 m. Feeds mainly on sand-dwelling fishes and crustaceans, sometimes on octopuses. In the Hong Kong live fish markets (Ref. 27253). May be ciguatoxic in certain areas (Ref. 37816). Solitary, often seen on open sand and base of reefs (Ref 90102). Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall 1993 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222) FB-DiagnosticDescr-5350 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rodolfo B. Reyes 1994-06-13 00:00:00 2013-10-16 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5350 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Brown spots evenly distributed and packed into hexagonal shapes only on adults which are generally larger (>25 to 45 cm); front portion of spinous dorsal fin about 50% taller than on other species at all sizes (Ref. 37816); small juveniles black with white blotches, becoming more spotted with age (Ref. 48635); further characterized by having ctenoid scales on body; auxiliary scales on body; greatest depth of body 2.7-3.1 in SL; rounded caudal fin; pelvic fins 1.7-2.0 in head length (Ref. 90102); head length 2.4-2.6 times in SL; flat to slightly convex interorbital area, convex dorsal head profile; preopercle with shallow indentation just above the enlarged serrae at angle; straight or slightly convex upper edge of operculum, posterior and anterior nostrils subequal; maxilla reaches to or past vertical at rear edge of eye, ventral edge with blunt hook-like process distally in fish larger than 35 cm SL; 2 rows of teeth on midlateral part of lower jaw (Ref. 89707). Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall 1993 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222) FB-Morphology-5350 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rodolfo B. Reyes 1994-06-13 00:00:00 2013-10-16 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5350 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Uses Dorsal spines (total): 11; Dorsal soft rays (total): 15 - 17; Analspines: 3; Analsoft rays: 8 Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall 1993 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222) FB-Distribution-5350 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1992-03-28 00:00:00 2025-11-05 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5350 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Pacific Ocean: Cocos-Keeling Islands to Samoa, north to southern Japan, south to southeastern Australia and Lord Howe Island (Ref. 37816). Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall 1993 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222) FB-Uses-5350 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1992-03-28 00:00:00 2013-03-08 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5350 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats fisheries: minor commercial; aquarium: public aquariums; price category: very high; price reliability: questionable: based on ex-vessel price for species in this genus Coppola, S.R., W. Fischer, L. Garibaldi, N. Scialabba and K.E. Carpenter 1994 SPECIESDAB: Global species database for fishery purposes. User's manual. FAO Computerized Information Series (Fisheries). No. 9. Rome, FAO. 103 p. (Ref. 171) Joannot, P. 1997 List of fishes in the Noumea aquarium. Unpublished. (Ref. 13603) FB-TrophicStrategy-5350 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Drina Sta. Iglesia 2000-11-10 00:00:00 2008-11-19 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public maculatus http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Juveniles are found in shallow coral rubble, adults in isolated coral heads of lagoon and seaward reefs to depths of 82 m. Feed mainly on sand-dwelling fishes and crustaceans, sometimes on octopuses (Ref. 5222). Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall 1993 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222) FB-Size-5350 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1992-03-28 00:00:00 2013-03-08 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5350 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution 60.5 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 5525)) Kulbicki, M., G. Mou Tham, P. Thollot and L. Wantiez 1993 Length-weight relationships of fish from the lagoon of New Caledonia. Naga, ICLARM Q. 16(2-3):26-29. (Ref. 5525) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Uses Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Habitat-5350 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1992-03-28 00:00:00 2013-03-08 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5350 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size reef-associated; marine; depth range 2 - 100 m (Ref. 37816) Myers, R.F. 1999 Micronesian reef fishes: a comprehensive guide to the coral reef fishes of Micronesia, 3rd revised and expanded edition. Coral Graphics, Barrigada, Guam. 330 p. (Ref. 37816)