FB-4602 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4602 Animalia Chordata Teleostei Cypriniformes Xenocyprididae Mylopharyngodon Mylopharyngodon piceus (Richardson, 1846) Amur czarny Amuri i zi شبّوط أسود Cheren amur Amur černý Černý amur Sortkarpe Muschelkarpfen Schwarzer Armur Schwarzer Karpfen Black amur Black carp Black Chinese roach Chinese black carp Chinese roach Snail carp Mustamuur Musta-amuri Amour Noir Carpe noire Ao-uo アオウオ Kap hitam Chernyi Amur Tschernyi Amur Амур черный амур черный черный амур Амур чорний Амур чорний східноазіатський Cá Trắm đen Trắm đen Caracolera Carpa negra Crap negru chinezese Črni amur Scoicar Zwarte carper 乌鰡 青魚 青鱼 Hak waan Barbus tonkinensis Sauvage, 1884 Leucisculus fuscus Oshima, 1920 Leuciscus aethiops Basilewsky, 1855 Leuciscus dubius Bleeker, 1864 Leuciscus piceus Richardson, 1846 Myloleuciscus aethiops (Basilewsky, 1855) Myloleuciscus atripinnis Garman, 1912 Myloleucus aethiops (Basilewsky, 1855) Mylopharyngodon aethiops (Basilewsky, 1855) Mylopharyngodon pisceus (Richardson, 1846) 1991-08-19 2024-01-23 Breder, C.M. and D.E. 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(Ref. 137577) FB-pic-4602-44445 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Information Center Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences 2006-04-10 2010-07-13 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4602 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Mypic_u1.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Mypic_u1.jpg FB-GeneralDescr-4602 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1991-08-19 00:00:00 2025-12-18 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4602 Adults inhabit large lowland rivers and lakes, preferably with clear water and high oxygen concentrations. Larvae feed on zooplankton, then on ostracods and aquatic insects. At about 120 mm SL, juveniles start to prey on small snails and clams while larger juveniles and adults feed almost entirely on molluscs. Undertake upriver migration and spawns in open waters. Deposit pelagic or semipelagic eggs which hatch while drifting downstream. Larvae settle into floodplain lakes and channels with little or no current (Ref. 59043). Maximum age probably exceeds 15 years; the figure of 20 years is not supported by data (Ref. 55930). Nico, L.G., J.D. Williams and H.L. Jelks 2005 Black carp: biological synopsis and risk assessment of an introduced fish. American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. 337 p. (Ref. 55930) FB-DiagnosticDescr-4602 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 2005-12-06 00:00:00 2012-11-30 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4602 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Anatomy of the pharyngeal apparatus is the main distinguishing characteristic; throat teeth typically form a single row of 4-5 large molariform teeth on each of the two arches, with formula typically 1,4 - 4,1. Nico, L.G., J.D. Williams and H.L. Jelks 2005 Black carp: biological synopsis and risk assessment of an introduced fish. American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. 337 p. (Ref. 55930) FB-Morphology-4602 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 2005-12-06 00:00:00 2012-11-30 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4602 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Dorsal spines (total): 0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 7 - 9; Analspines: 0; Analsoft rays: 8 - 10 Nico, L.G., J.D. Williams and H.L. Jelks 2005 Black carp: biological synopsis and risk assessment of an introduced fish. American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. 337 p. (Ref. 55930) FB-Distribution-4602 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1991-08-19 00:00:00 2022-11-28 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4602 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Asia: Amur river basin to southern China (Ref. 55930). Reported from Vietnam (Ref. 44416). Persists only in Europe by stocking or accidental releases; native stocks in Russia have declined sharply (Ref. 59043). Several countries reported adverse ecological impact after introduction. Nico, L.G., J.D. Williams and H.L. Jelks 2005 Black carp: biological synopsis and risk assessment of an introduced fish. American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. 337 p. (Ref. 55930) FB-Uses-4602 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1991-08-19 00:00:00 2025-12-18 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4602 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution fisheries: highly commercial; aquaculture: commercial FAO 1992 FAO yearbook. Fishery statistics: catches and landings. Vol. 70: 1990. FAO Fish. Ser. 38:647 p. (Ref. 4931) Garibaldi, L. 1996 List of animal species used in aquaculture. FAO Fish. Circ. 914. 38 p. (Ref. 12108) FB-Migration-4602 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1991-08-19 00:00:00 2025-12-18 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4602 Potamodromous. Migrating within streams, migratory in rivers, e.g. Saliminus, Moxostoma, Labeo. Migrations should be cyclical and predictable and cover more than 100 km. Dean, E.M., A.R. Cooper, L. Wang, W. Daniel, S. David, C. Ernzen, K.B. Gido, E Hale, T.J. Haxton, W. Kelso, N. Leonard, C. Lido, J. Margraf, M. Porter, C. Pennock, D. Propst, J. Ross, M.D. Staudinger, G. Whelan and D.M. Infante 2022 The North American Freshwater Migratory Fish Database (NAFMFD): Characterizing the migratory life histories of freshwater fishes of Canada, the United States of Mexico. J. Biogeography 49:1193-1203. (Ref. 126106) FB-LifeCycle-4602 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1991-08-19 00:00:00 2025-12-18 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=4602&StockCode=4789 Prewspawning adults migrate upstream in spring - early summer; spawning takes place in turbulent waters; eggs are pelagic and drift downstream and larvae enter nursery areas such as flood plains or backwater habitats; main river channel is used as feeding and wintering area by subadults and adults. FB-TrophicStrategy-4602 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Pascualita Sa-a 1997-03-16 00:00:00 2005-12-14 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public piceus http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Bottom-feeders that predominantly prey on snails and bivalve mollusks (Ref. 55930). Larval and small juvenile feed mostly on zooplankton and aquatic insects, shifting to a diet of mollusks as they grow and their pharyngeal teeth become more developed (Ref. 55930). Use their pharyngeal mill to crush the hard shells and expose the soft parts for digestion. A gape-limited predator because its mouth diameter, or gape, essentially determines the maximum size of mollusks it can consume (Ref. 55930). Man, S.H. and I.J. Hodgkiss 1981 Hong Kong freshwater fishes. Urban Council, Wishing Printing Company, Hong Kong, 75 p. (Ref. 5258) FB-Size-4602 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1991-08-19 00:00:00 2025-12-18 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4602 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat 180 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 40637)); max. published weight: 35.0 kg (Ref. 56557); max. reported age: 13 years (Ref. 55930) IGFA 2001 Database of IGFA angling records until 2001. IGFA, Fort Lauderdale, USA. (Ref. 40637) Novikov, N.P., A.S. Sokolovsky, T.G. Sokolovskaya and Y.M. Yakovlev 2002 The fishes of Primorye. Vladivostok, Far Eastern State Tech. Fish. Univ., 552 p. (Ref. 56557) Nico, L.G., J.D. Williams and H.L. Jelks 2005 Black carp: biological synopsis and risk assessment of an introduced fish. American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. 337 p. (Ref. 55930) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Diseases-4602-1641 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2006-02-23 00:00:00 2006-02-23 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=4602&StockCode=4789 Enteritis (Bacterial infection). Bacterial diseases Nico, L.G., J.D. Williams and H.L. Jelks 2005 Black carp: biological synopsis and risk assessment of an introduced fish. American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. 337 p. (Ref. 55930) FB-Diseases-4602-1196 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2004-02-23 00:00:00 2004-02-23 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=4602&StockCode=4789 Grass Carp Haemorrhagic Disease Reovirus. Viral diseases Fijan, N. 1999 Spring viraemia of carp and other viral diseases and agents of warm-water fish. p.177-244. In P.T.K. Woo and D.W. Bruno (eds.) Fish Diseases and Disorders, Vol. 3: Viral, Bacterial and Fungal Infections. CAB Int'l. (Ref. 48847) FB-Habitat-4602 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1991-08-19 00:00:00 2025-12-18 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4602 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats demersal; potamodromous (Ref. 126106); freshwater; brackish; pH range: 7.5 - 8.5; depth range 5 - 30 m (Ref. 6898) Dean, E.M., A.R. Cooper, L. Wang, W. Daniel, S. David, C. Ernzen, K.B. Gido, E Hale, T.J. Haxton, W. Kelso, N. Leonard, C. Lido, J. Margraf, M. Porter, C. Pennock, D. Propst, J. Ross, M.D. Staudinger, G. Whelan and D.M. Infante 2022 The North American Freshwater Migratory Fish Database (NAFMFD): Characterizing the migratory life histories of freshwater fishes of Canada, the United States of Mexico. J. Biogeography 49:1193-1203. (Ref. 126106) Shao, K.-T. and P.L. Lim 1991 Fishes of freshwater and estuary. Encyclopedia of field guide in Taiwan. Recreation Press, Co., Ltd., Taipei. vol. 31. 240 p. (in Chinese). (Ref. 6898)