FB-2693 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2693 Animalia Chordata Teleostei Salmoniformes Salmonidae Thymallus Thymallus arcticus (Pallas, 1776) Harr Lipien syberyjski شِفْش قُطبي Arktisk stalling Stalling Arktische Äsche American grayling Arctic grayling Arctic trout Back's grayling Bluefish Grayling Sailfin arctic grayling Siberian grayling West Siberian grayling Arktika harjus Siberi harjus Harjus Pohjanharjus Ombre arctique Poisson bleu Hulukpaugaq Kewlook powak Sulukpauga Sulukpaugaq Sulukpauvak Sulukqauqaq Sulupaugak Tchulupa Temolo Kharius sibirskiy Sibirskii kharius Lipen Arktisk harr Harr Tímalo ártico K'wsech Sriijaa Vlagzalm 北極茴魚 北极茴鱼 Coregonus signifer Richardson, 1823 Coregonus thymalloides Richardson, 1823 Salmo arcticus Pallas, 1776 Salmo signifer (Richardson, 1823) Salmo thymalloides (Richardson, 1823) Thymallus arcticus arcticus (Pallas, 1776) Thymallus arcticus brevipinnis (non Svetovidov, 1931) Thymallus arcticus lenensis Weiss, Knizhin, Kirillov & Froufe, 2006 Thymallus arcticus montanus Milner, 1874 Thymallus arcticus pallasi (non Valenciennes, 1848) Thymallus arcticus signifer (Richardson, 1823) Thymallus montanus Milner, 1874 Thymallus pallasii (non Valenciennes, 1848) Thymallus signifer (Richardson, 1823) Thymallus signifer tricolor Cope, 1865 Thymallus tricolor Cope, 1865 Thymallus tricolor montanus Milner, 1874 Thymalus ontariensis Valenciennes, 1848 1991-05-01 2011-04-18 Breder, C.M. and D.E. 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Linares, C. McGlinn and …0 FishShapes v1: Functionally relevant measurements of teleost shape and size on three dimensions. Ecology 103(e3829):1-2. (Ref. 137577) FB-pic-2693-44625 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Information Center Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences 2006-04-11 2006-04-11 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2693 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Tharc_u8.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Tharc_u8.jpg FB-GeneralDescr-2693 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1991-05-01 00:00:00 2025-12-02 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2693 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Adults inhabit open water of clear, cold, medium to large rivers and lakes. They enter rocky creeks to spawn (Ref. 5723). They occur in piedmont and montane cold streams, rivers and lakes with high oxygen concentrations (Ref. 59043). They form schools in moderate numbers (Ref. 9988). Young feed on zooplankton with a gradual shift to immature insects; adults feed mainly on surface insects but also take in fishes, fish eggs, lemmings, and planktonic crustaceans (Ref. 1998). Spawning takes place in montane streams with heavy current on shallows with rock-gravel bottom (Ref. 59043). Utilized fresh and can be fried, broiled, boiled, and baked (Ref. 9988). McClanes, A.J. (ed.) 1974 Field guide to freshwater fishes of North America. Holt, Rinehart and Winston, New York. 212 p. (Ref. 3221) FB-DiagnosticDescr-2693 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rodolfo B. Reyes 1996-10-06 00:00:00 2012-11-30 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2693 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distinguished by its greatly enlarged dorsal fin and its small mouth, which has fine teeth on both jaws (Ref. 27547). Dorsal greatly enlarged in adults (especially males), reaching adipose fin when depressed, but is shorter in females; pelvic fins rather long, reach anal fin in adult males, but not in females; lower lobe of caudal often longer than upper (Ref. 27547). A strikingly colored fish, the dorsal surface is dark purple, or blue black to blue gray, the sides gray to dark blue with pinkish iridescence, the ventral surface gray to white (Ref. 1998). Scattered dark spots on sides, these being more numerous on the young; a dark longitudinal stripe along lower sides between pectoral and pelvic fins; dorsal fin dark with narrow purple edge (rows of reddish to orange or purple to green spots on body of fin); pelvic fins dark with irregular diagonal orange-yellow stripes; adipose, dorsal, anal, caudal and pectorals dusky to dark (Ref. 27547). Scott, W.B. and E.J. Crossman 1973 Freshwater fishes of Canada. Bull. Fish. Res. Board Can. 184: xi+1-966. (Ref. 1998) FB-Morphology-2693 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rodolfo B. Reyes 1996-10-06 00:00:00 2012-11-30 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2693 Dorsal spines (total): 0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 17 - 25; Analspines: 0; Analsoft rays: 11 - 15; Vertebrae: 58 - 62 Scott, W.B. and E.J. Crossman 1973 Freshwater fishes of Canada. Bull. Fish. Res. Board Can. 184: xi+1-966. (Ref. 1998) FB-Distribution-2693 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1991-05-02 00:00:00 2014-05-13 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2693 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle North America: widespread in Arctic drainages from Hudson Bay, Canada to Alaska and in Arctic and Pacific drainages to central Alberta and British Columbia in Canada; upper Missouri River drainage in Montana, USA. Formerly in Great Lakes basin in Michigan, USA (Ref. 5723). Arctic Ocean basin in Siberia from Ob to Yenisei drainages and in Europe in some tributaries of Pechora (Usa, Kosyu, Kozhim), Korotaikha and Kara (Ref. 59043). Page, L.M. and B.M. Burr 1991 A field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston. 432 p. (Ref. 5723) FB-Uses-2693 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1991-05-01 00:00:00 2025-12-02 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2693 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size fisheries: minor commercial; gamefish: yes Andriyashev, A.P. 1964 Fishes of the northern seas of the U.S.S.R. Israel Program for Scientific Translations, Jerusalem. 617 p. (Translated from Russian). (Ref. 9707) International Game Fish Association 1991 World record game fishes. International Game Fish Association, Florida, USA. (Ref. 4699) FB-Migration-2693 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1991-05-01 00:00:00 2025-12-02 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2693 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Potamodromous. Migrating within streams, migratory in rivers, e.g. Saliminus, Moxostoma, Labeo. Migrations should be cyclical and predictable and cover more than 100 km. Dean, E.M., A.R. Cooper, L. Wang, W. Daniel, S. David, C. Ernzen, K.B. Gido, E Hale, T.J. Haxton, W. Kelso, N. Leonard, C. Lido, J. Margraf, M. Porter, C. Pennock, D. Propst, J. Ross, M.D. Staudinger, G. Whelan and D.M. Infante 2022 The North American Freshwater Migratory Fish Database (NAFMFD): Characterizing the migratory life histories of freshwater fishes of Canada, the United States of Mexico. J. Biogeography 49:1193-1203. (Ref. 126106) FB-LifeCycle-2693 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1991-05-01 00:00:00 2025-12-02 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=2693&StockCode=2889 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Spawning adults move into tributaries and males establish territories. At spawning, the male follows a female, courting her with displays of his dorsal fin. He then drifts over beside her and curves his extended dorsal fin over the female. The pair vibrates and release eggs and milt. No redd is constructed, but the vibrations of the tails during the spawning act stirs up the substrate and produce a slight depression (Ref. 28876, 28879, 28880, 28881, 28882). A female may spawn only once, or several times in different areas (Ref. 1998). After spawning, adults establish summer territories in pools generally farther upstream from the spawning site, majority moving downstream in mid-September (Ref. 28885, 28886). Morrow, J.E. 1980 The freshwater fishes of Alaska. University of. B.C. Animal Resources Ecology Library. 248p. (Ref. 27547) FB-TrophicStrategy-2693 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Pascualita Sa-a 1997-04-08 00:00:00 2008-04-18 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public arcticus http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#DiagnosticDescription Inhabits open water of clear, cold medium to large rivers and lakes, entering rocky creeks to spawn (Ref. 5723). Forms schools in moderate numbers (Ref. 9988). Young feed on zooplankton with a gradual shift to immature insects; adults feed mainly on surface insects but also take in fishes, fish eggs, lemmings, and planktonic crustaceans (Ref. 1998). Scott, W.B. and E.J. Crossman 1973 Freshwater fishes of Canada. Bull. Fish. Res. Board Can. 184: xi+1-966. (Ref. 1998) FB-Size-2693 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1991-05-01 00:00:00 2025-12-02 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2693 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology 76.0 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 5723)); max. published weight: 3,830 g (Ref. 40637); max. reported age: 18 years (Ref. 33969) Page, L.M. and B.M. Burr 1991 A field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston. 432 p. (Ref. 5723) IGFA 2001 Database of IGFA angling records until 2001. IGFA, Fort Lauderdale, USA. (Ref. 40637) DeCicco, A.L., M.F. Merritt and A.E. Bingham 1997 Characteristics of a lightly exploited population of Arctic grayling in the Sinuk River, Seward Peninsula, Alaska. p. 229-239. In J.B. Reynolds (ed.) Fish Ecology in Arctic North America. American Fisheries Society Symposium 19, 19-21 May 1992, Fairbanks, Alaska, U.S.A. (Ref. 33969) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Habitat-2693 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1991-05-01 00:00:00 2025-12-02 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2693 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Uses benthopelagic; potamodromous (Ref. 126106); freshwater; depth range 30 - ? m (Ref. 5723) Dean, E.M., A.R. Cooper, L. Wang, W. Daniel, S. David, C. Ernzen, K.B. Gido, E Hale, T.J. Haxton, W. Kelso, N. Leonard, C. Lido, J. Margraf, M. Porter, C. Pennock, D. Propst, J. Ross, M.D. Staudinger, G. Whelan and D.M. Infante 2022 The North American Freshwater Migratory Fish Database (NAFMFD): Characterizing the migratory life histories of freshwater fishes of Canada, the United States of Mexico. J. Biogeography 49:1193-1203. (Ref. 126106) Page, L.M. and B.M. Burr 1991 A field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston. 432 p. (Ref. 5723)