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	<dc:identifier>FB-15459</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=15459</dc:source>
	<dwc:Kingdom>Animalia</dwc:Kingdom>
	<dwc:Phylum>Chordata</dwc:Phylum>
	<dwc:Class>Teleostei</dwc:Class>
	<dwc:Order>Eupercaria/misc</dwc:Order>
	<dwc:Family>Sciaenidae</dwc:Family>
	<dwc:Genus>Panna</dwc:Genus>
	<dwc:ScientificName>Panna perarmata (Chabanaud, 1926)</dwc:ScientificName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Tropical hardyhead</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Whitley's silverside</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>热带下银汉鱼</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>熱帶下銀漢魚</commonName>
	<synonym relationship='misapplied name'>Atherina lacunosa (non Forster, 1801)</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Atherinomorus tropicalis (Whitley, 1948)</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Atherinosoma tropicalis Whitley, 1948</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='misapplied name'>Hypoatherina lacunosa (non Forster, 1801)</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='misapplied name'>Pranesus lacunosus (non Forster, 1801)</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Taeniomembras tropicalis (Whitley, 1948)</synonym>
	<dcterms:created>1995-10-21</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2022-01-20</dcterms:modified>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=205&amp;speccode=15461'>Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen0 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=8879&amp;speccode=15461'>Francis, M.P.0 Checklist of the coastal fishes of Lord Howe, Norfolk, and Kermadec Islands, Southwest Pacific Ocean. Pac. Sci. 47(2):136-170. (Ref. 8879)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=9760&amp;speccode=15461'>Ivantsoff, W. and L.E.L.M. Crowley0 Atherinidae. Silversides (or hardyheads). p. 2113-2139. In K.E. Carpenter and V.H. Niem (eds.) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Volume 4. Bony fishes part 2 (Mugilidae to Carangidae). FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9760)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=12965&amp;speccode=15461'>Eschmeyer, W.N.0 PISCES. Eschmeyer's PISCES database as published on the Internet in June 1997, URL: gopher://gopher.calacademy.org:640/7. (Ref. 12965)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=26282&amp;speccode=15461'>Eschmeyer, W.N. (ed.)0 Catalog of fishes. Special Publication, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco. 3 vols. 2905 p. (Ref. 26282)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=28618&amp;speccode=15461'>Randall, J.E.0 Randall's tank photos. Collection of 10,000 large-format photos (slides) of dead fishes. Unpublished. (Ref. 28618)</reference>
	<reference isbn='957-8596-59-6' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=31517&amp;speccode=15461'>Wu, H.L., K.-T. Shao and C.F. Lai (eds.)0 Latin-Chinese dictionary of fishes names. The Sueichan Press, Taiwan. 1028 p. (Ref. 31517)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=34634&amp;speccode=15461'>Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the Gulf Coast Research Laboratory (GCRL). The Gulf Coast Research Laboratory (GCRL), Ocean Springs, Mississippi, USA. (Ref. 34634)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=38732&amp;speccode=15461'>Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian Institution). Smithsonian Institution-Division of Fishes. (Ref. 38732)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=47438&amp;speccode=15461'>Anonymous0 Fish collection of the Royal Ontario Museum. Royal Ontario Museum. (Ref. 47438)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=58108&amp;speccode=15461'>Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences0 Chinese aquatic germplasm resources database. http://zzzy.fishinfo.cn (Ref. 58108)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=75154&amp;speccode=15461'>Hoese, D.F., D.J. Bray, J.R. Paxton and G.R. Allen0 Fishes. In Beasley, O.L. and A. Wells (eds.) Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Volume 35 Australia: ABRS &amp; CSIRO Publishing, 2178 p. (Ref. 75154)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=78751&amp;speccode=15461'>Johnson, J.W.0 Annotated checklist of the fishes of Moreton Bay, Queensland, Australia. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 43(2):709-762. (Ref. 78751)</reference>
	<reference isbn='9780987260000' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=90102&amp;speccode=15461'>Allen, G.R. and M.V. Erdmann0 Reef fishes of the East Indies. Perth, Australia: Universitiy of Hawai'i Press, Volumes I-III. Tropical Reef Research. (Ref. 90102)</reference>
	<reference isbn='1849954984' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=128868&amp;speccode=15461'>Beolens, B., M. Grayson and M. Watkins0 Eponym dictionary of Fishes. 	Dunbeath, Caithness (Scotland, UK): Whittles Publishing Limited, 1300 p. (Ref. 128868)</reference><dataObject>
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	<agent homepage='http://www.fishbase.us/collaborators/CollaboratorSummary.php?id=50' logoURL='' role='photographer'>John E. Randall</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1999-05-18</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2010-07-21</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title></dc:title>
	<dc:language></dc:language>
	<license>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/</license>
	<dc:rights>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged</dc:rights>
	<dcterms:rightsHolder>WorldFish Center - FishBase</dcterms:rightsHolder>
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	<audience>General public</audience>
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	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size</subject>
	<dc:description></dc:description>
	<mediaURL>http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Hytro_u0.jpg</mediaURL>
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	<agent homepage='http://www.fishbase.us/collaborators/CollaboratorSummary.php?id=823' logoURL='' role='photographer'> FAO</agent>
	<dcterms:created>2009-08-06</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2009-08-06</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title></dc:title>
	<dc:language></dc:language>
	<license>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/</license>
	<dc:rights>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged</dc:rights>
	<dcterms:rightsHolder>WorldFish Center - FishBase</dcterms:rightsHolder>
	<dcterms:bibliographicCitation></dcterms:bibliographicCitation>
	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=15461</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats</subject>
	<dc:description></dc:description>
	<mediaURL>http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Hytro_u0.gif</mediaURL>
	<thumbnailURL>http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/gif/tn_Hytro_u0.gif</thumbnailURL>
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	<dc:identifier>FB-GeneralDescr-15461</dc:identifier>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Crispina B. Binohlan</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1995-10-22 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2008-09-10 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title>Biology</dc:title>
	<dc:language></dc:language>
	<license>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/</license>
	<dc:rights></dc:rights>
	<dcterms:rightsHolder>WorldFish Center - FishBase</dcterms:rightsHolder>
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	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=15461</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat</subject>
	<dc:description>Inhabits waters close inshore.  Often seen to jump out of the water, especially after sunset when they appear as fluorescent streaks.  At night they appear to aggregate with Atherinomorus capricornensis around One Tree Island (eastern Australia).  Probably eaten by larger commercial species (Ref. 9760).</dc:description>
	<mediaURL></mediaURL>
	<thumbnailURL></thumbnailURL>
	<location></location>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=9760&amp;speccode=15461'>Ivantsoff, W. and L.E.L.M. Crowley 1999 Atherinidae. Silversides (or hardyheads). p. 2113-2139. In K.E. Carpenter and V.H. Niem (eds.) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Volume 4. Bony fishes part 2 (Mugilidae to Carangidae). FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9760)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-DiagnosticDescr-15461</dc:identifier>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Crispina B. Binohlan</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1995-11-07 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2013-02-22 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title></dc:title>
	<dc:language></dc:language>
	<license>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/</license>
	<dc:rights></dc:rights>
	<dcterms:rightsHolder>John E. Randall</dcterms:rightsHolder>
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	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=15461</dc:source>
	<subject></subject>
	<dc:description>Lips absent.  Ascending process of premaxilla, short and broad.  Gill rakers in first lower gill arch 18-22.  Midlateral scales 39-46.  Predorsal scales 17-22.Description:  Characterized by translucent color; silvery blue sheen and silvery midlateral stripe; body depth 5.8-6.0 in SL; large eye, about 2.8 in head length; upper jaw extending vertical at front of eye; moderately long and narrow ascending process and two short and wide lateral processes in premaxilla; ramus of dentary highly elevated posteriorly; jaws, palatines, vomer and meopterygoids with small teeth (Ref. 90102).</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=9760&amp;speccode=15461'>Ivantsoff, W. and L.E.L.M. Crowley 1999 Atherinidae. Silversides (or hardyheads). p. 2113-2139. In K.E. Carpenter and V.H. Niem (eds.) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Volume 4. Bony fishes part 2 (Mugilidae to Carangidae). FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9760)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Morphology-15461</dc:identifier>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Crispina B. Binohlan</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1995-11-07 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2013-02-22 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
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	<dc:language></dc:language>
	<license>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/</license>
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	<dcterms:rightsHolder>John E. Randall</dcterms:rightsHolder>
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	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=15461</dc:source>
	<subject></subject>
	<dc:description>Dorsal spines (total): 6 - 9; Dorsal soft rays (total): 8 - 11;  Analspines: 1; Analsoft rays: 11 - 14</dc:description>
	<mediaURL></mediaURL>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=9760&amp;speccode=15461'>Ivantsoff, W. and L.E.L.M. Crowley 1999 Atherinidae. Silversides (or hardyheads). p. 2113-2139. In K.E. Carpenter and V.H. Niem (eds.) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Volume 4. Bony fishes part 2 (Mugilidae to Carangidae). FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9760)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Distribution-15461</dc:identifier>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Crispina B. Binohlan</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1995-10-22 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2024-07-16 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
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	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#DiagnosticDescription</subject>
	<dc:description>Western Pacific:  New Guinea, northern and eastern Australia, Madang, Maron and Bougainville Islands.  Possibly present over a wide range in Melanesian waters.  Aso found around Lord Howe Island.</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=9760&amp;speccode=15461'>Ivantsoff, W. and L.E.L.M. Crowley 1999 Atherinidae. Silversides (or hardyheads). p. 2113-2139. In K.E. Carpenter and V.H. Niem (eds.) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Volume 4. Bony fishes part 2 (Mugilidae to Carangidae). FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9760)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-LifeCycle-15461</dc:identifier>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Susan M. Luna</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1995-10-22 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2008-09-10 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title></dc:title>
	<dc:language></dc:language>
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	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=15461&amp;StockCode=14713</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology</subject>
	<dc:description>Oviparous, distinct pairing during breeding (Ref. 205).</dc:description>
	<mediaURL></mediaURL>
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	<location></location>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=205&amp;speccode=15461'>Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen 1966 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Size-15461</dc:identifier>
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	<dcterms:created>1995-10-22 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2008-09-10 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title>Max. size</dc:title>
	<dc:language></dc:language>
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	<dcterms:rightsHolder>WorldFish Center - FishBase</dcterms:rightsHolder>
	<dcterms:bibliographicCitation></dcterms:bibliographicCitation>
	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=15461</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution</subject>
	<dc:description>12.5 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 9760))</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=9760&amp;speccode=15461'>Ivantsoff, W. and L.E.L.M. Crowley 1999 Atherinidae. Silversides (or hardyheads). p. 2113-2139. In K.E. Carpenter and V.H. Niem (eds.) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Volume 4. Bony fishes part 2 (Mugilidae to Carangidae). FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9760)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Threats-2</dc:identifier>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Belen Acosta</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1990-10-18 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2024-03-07 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
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	<dcterms:bibliographicCitation></dcterms:bibliographicCitation>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2</dc:source>
	<dc:description>Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=57073'>IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006.</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Habitat-15461</dc:identifier>
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	<dcterms:created>1995-10-22 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2008-09-10 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title>Environment</dc:title>
	<dc:language></dc:language>
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	<dcterms:rightsHolder>WorldFish Center - FishBase</dcterms:rightsHolder>
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	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=15461</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size</subject>
	<dc:description>pelagic-neritic; marine; depth range 0 - ? m (Ref. 9760)</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=9760&amp;speccode=15461'>Ivantsoff, W. and L.E.L.M. Crowley 1999 Atherinidae. Silversides (or hardyheads). p. 2113-2139. In K.E. Carpenter and V.H. Niem (eds.) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Volume 4. Bony fishes part 2 (Mugilidae to Carangidae). FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9760)</reference></dataObject>
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