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	<dc:identifier>FB-15438</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=15438</dc:source>
	<dwc:Kingdom>Animalia</dwc:Kingdom>
	<dwc:Phylum>Chordata</dwc:Phylum>
	<dwc:Class>Elasmobranchii</dwc:Class>
	<dwc:Order>Torpediniformes</dwc:Order>
	<dwc:Family>Narkidae</dwc:Family>
	<dwc:Genus>Narke</dwc:Genus>
	<dwc:ScientificName>Narke japonica (Temminck &amp; Schlegel, 1850)</dwc:ScientificName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Common stingaree</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Stingaree</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Stingray</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='et'>Tellispruun pakssabarai</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Gewone doornrog</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>扁魟</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>瓦鷂扁魟</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>瓦鹞扁魟</commonName>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Trygonoptera australis Steindachner, 1866</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Trygonoptera henlei Steindachner, 1866</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Trygonoptera muelleri Steindachner, 1866</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Trygonoptera testaceus Müller &amp; Henle, 1841</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Urolophus testaceus (Müller &amp; Henle, 1841)</synonym>
	<dcterms:created>1995-10-20</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2018-08-17</dcterms:modified>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=4517&amp;speccode=15439'>Hureau, J.-C.0 La base de données GICIM: Gestion informatisée des collections ichthyologiques du Muséum. p. 225-227. In Atlas Préliminaire des Poissons d'Eau Douce de France. Conseil Supérieur de la Pêche, Ministère de l'Environnement, CEMAGREF et Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris. (Ref. 4517)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=5969&amp;speccode=15439'>Kotlyar, A.N.0 Dictionary of names of marine fishes on the six languages. All Union Research Institute of Marine Fisheries and Oceanography, Moscow. 288 p. (Ref. 5969)</reference>
	<reference isbn='0 643 05143 0' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=6871&amp;speccode=15439'>Last, P.R. and J.D. Stevens0 Sharks and rays of Australia. CSIRO, Australia. 513 p. (Ref. 6871)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=7300&amp;speccode=15439'>Paxton, J.R., D.F. Hoese, G.R. Allen and J.E. Hanley0 Pisces. Petromyzontidae to Carangidae. Zoological Catalogue of Australia, Vol. 7. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra, 665 p. (Ref. 7300)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=9863&amp;speccode=15439'>Compagno, L.J.V.0 Urolophidae. Round rays. In K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) FAO Identification Guide for Fishery Purposes. The Western Central Pacific. (Ref. 9863)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=12951&amp;speccode=15439'>Michael, S.W.0 Reef sharks and rays of the world. A guide to their identification, behavior, and ecology. Sea Challengers, Monterey, California. 107 p. (Ref. 12951)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=31402&amp;speccode=15439'>Swedish Museum of Natural History0 Fish collection database of the Naturhistoriska riksmuseet (Swedish Museum of Natural History). Ichthyology Section, Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden. (Ref. 31402)</reference>
	<reference isbn='957-8596-59-6' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=31517&amp;speccode=15439'>Wu, H.L., K.-T. Shao and C.F. Lai (eds.)0 Latin-Chinese dictionary of fishes names. The Sueichan Press, Taiwan. 1028 p. (Ref. 31517)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=31982&amp;speccode=15439'>Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the Natural History Museum, London (formerly British Museum of Natural History (BMNH)). Natural History Museum, London (formerly British Museum of Natural History (BMNH)). (Ref. 31982)</reference>
	<reference isbn='0-8018-6048-2' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=35766&amp;speccode=15439'>Compagno, L.J.V.0 Checklist of living elasmobranchs. p. 471-498. In W.C. Hamlett (ed.) Sharks, skates, and rays: the biology of elasmobranch fishes. Johns Hopkins University Press, Maryland. (Ref. 35766)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=38732&amp;speccode=15439'>Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian Institution). Smithsonian Institution-Division of Fishes. (Ref. 38732)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=39681&amp;speccode=15439'>Compagno, L.J.V.0 Urolophidae. Round rays. In K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) FAO Identification Guide for Fishery Purposes. The Western Central Pacific. (Ref. 39681)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=43454&amp;speccode=15439'>Bor, P.H.F.0 Nederlandse naamlijst van de recente haaien en roggen (Chondrichthyes: Elasmobranchii) van de wereld. World Wide Web electronic publication www.rajidae.tmfweb.nl, version (05/2002). (Ref. 43454)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=58108&amp;speccode=15439'>Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences0 Chinese aquatic germplasm resources database. http://zzzy.fishinfo.cn (Ref. 58108)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=75154&amp;speccode=15439'>Hoese, D.F., D.J. Bray, J.R. Paxton and G.R. Allen0 Fishes. In Beasley, O.L. and A. Wells (eds.) Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Volume 35 Australia: ABRS &amp; CSIRO Publishing, 2178 p. (Ref. 75154)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=75549&amp;speccode=15439'>FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis, 29 April 2008. (Ref. 75549)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=78751&amp;speccode=15439'>Johnson, J.W.0 Annotated checklist of the fishes of Moreton Bay, Queensland, Australia. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 43(2):709-762. (Ref. 78751)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=83882&amp;speccode=15439'>FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, March 2010. (Ref. 83882)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=90062&amp;speccode=15439'>FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, March 2012. (Ref. 90062)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=95632&amp;speccode=15439'>FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, April 2014. (Ref. 95632)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=101110&amp;speccode=15439'>FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, [accessed 13/04/2015]. (Ref. 101110)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=105471&amp;speccode=15439'>eElurikkus0 eElurikkus koondab ühte portaali Eesti eluslooduse andmed. http://elurikkus.ut.ee/ (Ref. 105471)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=113541&amp;speccode=15439'>Yearsley, G.K. and P.R. Last0 A new genus of stingarees (Myliobatiformes:  Urolophidae) with comments on other urolophid genera and an annotated checklist of species. pp. 35-40.  P. Last and G.K. Yearsley (eds).  Rays of the worls:  Supplementary information, 40 pp.  CSIRO, Australia. (Ref. 113541)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=115257&amp;speccode=15439'>FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en (accessed 08/06/2017). (Ref. 115257)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=118717&amp;speccode=15439'>Tsuboi, M., W. van der Bijl, B.T. Kopperud, J. Erritzoe, K.L. Voje, A. Kotrschal, K.E. Yopak, S.P. Collin, A.N. Iwaniuk and N. Kolm0 Breakdown of brain-body allometry and the encephalization of birds and mammals. Nat. Ecol. Evol. 2:1495-1500. (Ref. 118717)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=122733&amp;speccode=15439'>Grainger, R., V.M. Peddemors, D. Raubenheimer and G.E. Machovsky-Capuska0 Diet composition and nutritional niche breadth variability in juvenile white sharks (&lt;i&gt;Carcharodon carcharias&lt;/i&gt;). Frontiers in Marine Science 7:422. (Ref. 122733)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=127662&amp;speccode=15439'>Kyne, P.M., A.J. Courtney, I.P. Jacobsen and M.B. Bennett0 Reproductive parameters of rhinobatid and urolophid batoids taken as by‐catch in the Queensland (Australia) east coast otter‐trawl fishery. J. Fish Biol. 89(2):1208-1226. (Ref. 127662)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=127743&amp;speccode=15439'>van den Broek, J., M. Peach and D. Booth0 The reproductive biology of the common stingaree &lt;i&gt;Trygonoptera testacea&lt;/i&gt; (Urolophidae) in eastern Australia. Australian Zoologist 35(3):627-632. (Ref. 127743)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=132125&amp;speccode=15439'>Ferragut-Perello, F., S. Ramirez-Amaro, A.C. Tsikliras, N. Petit-Marty, D. Dimarchopoulou0 Exploitation and conservation status of the thornback ray (&lt;i&gt;Raja clavata&lt;/i&gt;) in the Balearic Islands (Western Mediterranean). Fishes 8(2):117. (Ref. 132125)</reference><dataObject>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Cristina V. Garilao</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1995-10-20 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
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	<dc:title>Biology</dc:title>
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	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size</subject>
	<dc:description>Found in sandy beaches and reefs but also well offshore.  May venture well upstream in estuaries (Ref. 6871).  Feeds on worms, crustaceans, bony fishes, and other stingarees (Ref. 12951).</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='0-8018-6048-2' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=35766&amp;speccode=15439'>Compagno, L.J.V. 1999 Checklist of living elasmobranchs. p. 471-498. In W.C. Hamlett (ed.) Sharks, skates, and rays: the biology of elasmobranch fishes. Johns Hopkins University Press, Maryland. (Ref. 35766)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Distribution-15439</dc:identifier>
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	<dcterms:created>1995-10-20 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
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	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats</subject>
	<dc:description>Western Pacific:  southern Queensland to New South Wales.</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=75154&amp;speccode=15439'>Hoese, D.F., D.J. Bray, J.R. Paxton and G.R. Allen 2006 Fishes. In Beasley, O.L. and A. Wells (eds.) Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Volume 35 Australia: ABRS &amp; CSIRO Publishing, 2178 p. (Ref. 75154)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-TrophicStrategy-15439</dc:identifier>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Drina Sta. Iglesia</agent>
	<dcterms:created>2001-01-16 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
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	<dc:source>testacea</dc:source>
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	<dc:description>Found in sandy beaches and reefs but also well offshore.  May venture well upstream in estuaries (Ref. 6871).  Found on the continental shelf (Ref. 75154).  Feeds on worms, crustaceans, bony fishes, and other stingarees.</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='0-8018-6048-2' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=35766&amp;speccode=15439'>Compagno, L.J.V. 1999 Checklist of living elasmobranchs. p. 471-498. In W.C. Hamlett (ed.) Sharks, skates, and rays: the biology of elasmobranch fishes. Johns Hopkins University Press, Maryland. (Ref. 35766)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Size-15439</dc:identifier>
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	<dc:title>Max. size</dc:title>
	<dc:language></dc:language>
	<license>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/</license>
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	<dcterms:rightsHolder>John E. Randall</dcterms:rightsHolder>
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	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=15439</dc:source>
	<subject></subject>
	<dc:description>47.0 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 9863))</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=9863&amp;speccode=15439'>Compagno, L.J.V. 1997 Urolophidae. Round rays. In K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) FAO Identification Guide for Fishery Purposes. The Western Central Pacific. (Ref. 9863)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2</dc:source>
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	<dc:description>Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=57073'>IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006.</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<dc:description>demersal; brackish; marine; depth range ? - 135 m (Ref. 9863), usually ? - 60 m (Ref. 9863)</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=9863&amp;speccode=15439'>Compagno, L.J.V. 1997 Urolophidae. Round rays. In K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) FAO Identification Guide for Fishery Purposes. The Western Central Pacific. (Ref. 9863)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=9863&amp;speccode=15439'>Compagno, L.J.V. 1997 Urolophidae. Round rays. In K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) FAO Identification Guide for Fishery Purposes. The Western Central Pacific. (Ref. 9863)</reference></dataObject>
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