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	<dc:identifier>FB-14547</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=14547</dc:source>
	<dwc:Kingdom>Animalia</dwc:Kingdom>
	<dwc:Phylum>Chordata</dwc:Phylum>
	<dwc:Class>Teleostei</dwc:Class>
	<dwc:Order>Tetraodontiformes</dwc:Order>
	<dwc:Family>Monacanthidae</dwc:Family>
	<dwc:Genus>Meuschenia</dwc:Genus>
	<dwc:ScientificName>Meuschenia hippocrepis (Quoy &amp; Gaimard, 1824)</dwc:ScientificName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Chinaman</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Chinaman-leatherjacket</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Chunks</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Leatherjonnie</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Ocean leatherjacket</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Yellow jacket</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>艾氏澳洲单角鲀</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>艾氏澳洲單角魨</commonName>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Aleuteres velutinus Jenyns, 1842</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Aluterus velutinus Jenyns, 1842</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Balistes ayraud Quoy &amp; Gaimard, 1824</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Cantherhines ayraud (Quoy &amp; Gaimard, 1824)</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Monacanthus frauenfeldii Kner, 1867</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Monacanthus platifrons Hollard, 1854</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Monacanthus vittatus Richardson, 1846</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Monocanthus platifrons Hollard, 1854</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Nelusetta ayraudi (Quoy &amp; Gaimard, 1824)</synonym>
	<dcterms:created>1995-08-11</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>1995-08-11</dcterms:modified>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=394&amp;speccode=14549'>Quoy, J.R. and P. Gaimard0 Zoologie. Poissons. p. 183-401. In L. de Frecinet. Voyage autour de monde, entrepris par ordre du Roi, exécuté sur les corvettes de S M l'URANIE et la PHYSICIENNE, pendant les années 1817-1820. Paris, 712 p. (Ref. 394)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=1830&amp;speccode=14549'>Eschmeyer, W.N.0 Catalog of the genera of recent fishes. California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, USA. 697 p. (Ref. 1830)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=3157&amp;speccode=14549'>Jenyns, L.0 Fish. In C. Darwin (ed.) The zoology of the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle, under the command of Captain Fitzroy, R.N., during the years 1832-1836. Smith, Elder &amp; Co., London (in 4 parts): p. 1-32 (Jan. 1840); 33-64 (Jun. 1840); 65-96 (Apr. 1841); 97-172 (Apr. 1842). (Ref. 3157)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=4517&amp;speccode=14549'>Hureau, J.-C.0 La base de données GICIM: Gestion informatisée des collections ichthyologiques du Muséum. p. 225-227. In Atlas Préliminaire des Poissons d'Eau Douce de France. Conseil Supérieur de la Pêche, Ministère de l'Environnement, CEMAGREF et Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris. (Ref. 4517)</reference>
	<reference isbn='0-477-01427-5(pbk.).' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=5755&amp;speccode=14549'>Paulin, C., A. Stewart, C. Roberts and P. McMillan0 New Zealand fish: a complete guide. National Museum of New Zealand Miscellaneous Series No. 19. 279 p. (Ref. 5755)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=6390&amp;speccode=14549'>Kailola, P.J., M.J. Williams, P.C. Stewart, R.E. Reichelt, A. McNee and C. Grieve0 Australian fisheries resources. Bureau of Resource Sciences, Canberra, Australia. 422 p. (Ref. 6390)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=7463&amp;speccode=14549'>Nelson, J.S.0 Fishes of the world. Third edition. John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc., New York. 600 p. (Ref. 7463)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=9563&amp;speccode=14549'>May, J.L. and J.G.H. Maxwell0 Trawl fish from temperate waters of Australia. CSIRO Division of Fisheries Research, Tasmania. 492 p. (Ref. 9563)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=10937&amp;speccode=14549'>Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the University of British Columbia Fish Museum Fish Museum. University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada. (Ref. 10937)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=12964&amp;speccode=14549'>Yearsley, G.K., P.R. Last and G.B. Morris0 Codes for Australian Aquatic Biota (CAAB): an upgraded and expanded species coding system for Australian fisheries databases. CSIRO Marine Laboratories, Report 224. CSIRO, Australia. (Ref. 12964)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=26282&amp;speccode=14549'>Eschmeyer, W.N. (ed.)0 Catalog of fishes. Special Publication, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco. 3 vols. 2905 p. (Ref. 26282)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=27296&amp;speccode=14549'>Hutchins, B. and R. Swainston0 Sea fishes of southern Australia. Complete field guide for anglers and divers. Swainston Publishing. Perth. 180 p. (Ref. 27296)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=30464&amp;speccode=14549'>Ayling, T. and G.J. Cox0 Collins' guide to sea fishes of New Zealand. Collins. Auckland. 343 p. (Ref. 30464)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=30465&amp;speccode=14549'>Lindholm, R.0 Observation on the ocean jacket &lt;i&gt;Nelusetta ayraudi&lt;/i&gt; (Quoy and Gaimard) in the Great Australian Bight. Aust. J. Mar. Freshwat. Res. 35(5):597-599. (Ref. 30465)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=30466&amp;speccode=14549'>Grove-Jones, R.P. and A.F. Burnell0 Fisheries biology of the ocean jacket (Monacanthidae: &lt;i&gt;Nelusetta ayraudi&lt;/i&gt;) in the eastern waters of the Great Australian Bight. South Australian Department of Fisheries. FIRDC Project DFS01Z. Final Report. 107 p. (Ref. 30466)</reference>
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	<reference isbn='957-8596-59-6' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=31517&amp;speccode=14549'>Wu, H.L., K.-T. Shao and C.F. Lai (eds.)0 Latin-Chinese dictionary of fishes names. The Sueichan Press, Taiwan. 1028 p. (Ref. 31517)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=33839&amp;speccode=14549'>Gomon, M.F., C.J.M. Glover and R.H. Kuiter (eds.)0 The fishes of Australia's south coast. State Print, Adelaide. 992 p. (Ref. 33839)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=41414&amp;speccode=14549'>Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the American Museum of Natural History. American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West , NY 10024-5192, USA. (Ref. 41414)</reference>
	<reference isbn='92-5-104589-5' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=43248&amp;speccode=14549'>Hutchins, J.B.0 Monacanthidae. Filefishes (leatherjackets). p. 3929-3947. In K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Vol. 6. Bony fishes part 4 (Labridae to Latimeriidae), estuarine crocodiles. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 43248)</reference>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=93641&amp;speccode=14549'>Eschmeyer, W.N. (ed.)0 Catalog of fishes. Updated internet version of 10 June 2013. Catalog databases of CAS cited in FishBase (website). (Ref. 93641)</reference>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=97029&amp;speccode=14549'>Miller, M.E.0 Key biological parameters and commercial fishery for ocean leatherjackets 'Nelusetta ayraudi' (Monacanthidae) off the coast of New South Wales, Australia. University of Wollongong, Australia. M.S. thesis. (Ref. 97029)</reference>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=137577&amp;speccode=14549'>Price, S.A., S.T. Friedman, K.A. Corn, O. Larouche, K. Brockelsby, A.J. Lee, M. Nagaraj, N.G. Bertrand, M. Danao, M.C. Coyne, J.R. Estrada, R. Friedman, E. Hoeft, M. Iwan, D. Gross, J.H. Kao, B. Landry, M.J. Linares, C. McGlinn and …0 FishShapes v1: Functionally relevant measurements of teleost shape and size on three dimensions. Ecology 103(e3829):1-2. (Ref. 137577)</reference><dataObject>
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	<dcterms:created>1995-08-11 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
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	<dc:description>Adults are found on the continental shelf and slope, while juveniles school seasonally in inshore waters (Ref. 9563).  Juvenile ocean jackets have been caught in seagrass, over bare sand and on rocky reefs (Ref. 6390).  Adults however, tend to be absent from seagrass areas (Ref. 6390).  Are carnivorous, feeding mainly on salps.  Other food items in the diet include gastropod mollusks, crustaceans and fish (Ref. 30465).  Sold as fresh trunks (Ref. 6390).</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=9563&amp;speccode=14549'>May, J.L. and J.G.H. Maxwell 1986 Trawl fish from temperate waters of Australia. CSIRO Division of Fisheries Research, Tasmania. 492 p. (Ref. 9563)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<dc:description>Whitish, pale yellowish brown, pale greyish brown or reddish, often with four brown stripes along sides; second dorsal and anal fins yellow; caudal fin rays yellowish brown, intervening membranes dusky.  Pelvic fins rudimentary (Ref. 33839).</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=33839&amp;speccode=14549'>Gomon, M.F., C.J.M. Glover and R.H. Kuiter (eds.) 1994 The fishes of Australia's south coast. State Print, Adelaide. 992 p. (Ref. 33839)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<dc:description>Dorsal spines (total): 2; Dorsal soft rays (total): 30 - 36;  Analspines: 0; Analsoft rays: 30 - 34</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=33839&amp;speccode=14549'>Gomon, M.F., C.J.M. Glover and R.H. Kuiter (eds.) 1994 The fishes of Australia's south coast. State Print, Adelaide. 992 p. (Ref. 33839)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<dc:description>Eastern Indian Ocean:  southern Australia, from Western Australia to New South Wales.  The species is considered to be endemic to Australia, although a single specimen has been reported from New Zealand (Ref. 30464).</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=6390&amp;speccode=14549'>Kailola, P.J., M.J. Williams, P.C. Stewart, R.E. Reichelt, A. McNee and C. Grieve 1993 Australian fisheries resources. Bureau of Resource Sciences, Canberra, Australia. 422 p. (Ref. 6390)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=6390&amp;speccode=14549'>Kailola, P.J., M.J. Williams, P.C. Stewart, R.E. Reichelt, A. McNee and C. Grieve 1993 Australian fisheries resources. Bureau of Resource Sciences, Canberra, Australia. 422 p. (Ref. 6390)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-LifeCycle-14549</dc:identifier>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Susan M. Luna</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1995-08-11 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
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	<license>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/</license>
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	<dcterms:rightsHolder>WorldFish Center - FishBase</dcterms:rightsHolder>
	<dcterms:bibliographicCitation></dcterms:bibliographicCitation>
	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=14549&amp;StockCode=14304</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Diseases</subject>
	<dc:description>Assumed nonguarder because of high fecundity (RF).</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=6390&amp;speccode=14549'>Kailola, P.J., M.J. Williams, P.C. Stewart, R.E. Reichelt, A. McNee and C. Grieve 1993 Australian fisheries resources. Bureau of Resource Sciences, Canberra, Australia. 422 p. (Ref. 6390)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-TrophicStrategy-14549</dc:identifier>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Susan M. Luna</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1999-06-08 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2000-03-09 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title></dc:title>
	<dc:language></dc:language>
	<license>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/</license>
	<dc:rights></dc:rights>
	<dcterms:rightsHolder>WorldFish Center - FishBase</dcterms:rightsHolder>
	<dcterms:bibliographicCitation></dcterms:bibliographicCitation>
	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>ayraud</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat</subject>
	<dc:description>Ocean jackets are found from very shallow water (2 m) to water as deep as 200 m. There is a tendency for their average size to increase with waters depth (Ref. 30465). Juvenile ocean jackets have been caught in seagrass, over bare sand and on rocky reefs (Ref. 6390). Adults however, tend to be absent from seagrass areas (Ref. 6390). In northern New South Wales, ocean jackets are occasionally present in reef areas, but in South Australian waters, they are common over sand and 'coral' (bryozoans - Ectoprocta) sea beds (Ref. 6390).Seasonal migration in South Australia appears to be associated with spawning: movement is predominantly to the west prior to spawning, and to the east just after spawning (Ref. 6390). Tagging studies conducted in this region have recorded movements by individual ocean jackets of up to 350 nautical miles along the continental shelf over a 12 month period (Ref. 6390).In South Australian waters, the generally south-westerly direction of winter surface currents in the eastern Great Australian Bight possibly facilitates the inshore movement of ocean jacket larvae from the offshore spawning areas. Juvenile ocean jackets averaging 12 cm TL first appear in the gulfs and sheltered bays and inshore coastal waters in November, ie at approximately 6 months of age (Ref. 30466). In May and June, when they are about 1-year-old, young ocean jackets begin to move out of inshore areas to more open waters up to about 60 m depth. This general offshore migration continues with age, such that older fish inhabit the deepest waters at the edge of the continental shelf (Ref. 6390).</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=6390&amp;speccode=14549'>Kailola, P.J., M.J. Williams, P.C. Stewart, R.E. Reichelt, A. McNee and C. Grieve 1993 Australian fisheries resources. Bureau of Resource Sciences, Canberra, Australia. 422 p. (Ref. 6390)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Size-14549</dc:identifier>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Crispina B. Binohlan</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1995-08-11 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2003-08-11 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title>Max. size</dc:title>
	<dc:language></dc:language>
	<license>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/</license>
	<dc:rights></dc:rights>
	<dcterms:rightsHolder>WorldFish Center - FishBase</dcterms:rightsHolder>
	<dcterms:bibliographicCitation></dcterms:bibliographicCitation>
	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=14549</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution</subject>
	<dc:description>100.0 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 9563)); max. published weight: 3,500 g (Ref. 27296); max. reported age: 9 years (Ref. 30466)</dc:description>
	<mediaURL></mediaURL>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=9563&amp;speccode=14549'>May, J.L. and J.G.H. Maxwell 1986 Trawl fish from temperate waters of Australia. CSIRO Division of Fisheries Research, Tasmania. 492 p. (Ref. 9563)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=27296&amp;speccode=14549'>Hutchins, B. and R. Swainston 1986 Sea fishes of southern Australia. Complete field guide for anglers and divers. Swainston Publishing. Perth. 180 p. (Ref. 27296)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=30466&amp;speccode=14549'>Grove-Jones, R.P. and A.F. Burnell 1991 Fisheries biology of the ocean jacket (Monacanthidae: &lt;i&gt;Nelusetta ayraudi&lt;/i&gt;) in the eastern waters of the Great Australian Bight. South Australian Department of Fisheries. FIRDC Project DFS01Z. Final Report. 107 p. (Ref. 30466)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Belen Acosta</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1990-10-18 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2024-03-07 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
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	<dc:language></dc:language>
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	<dcterms:bibliographicCitation></dcterms:bibliographicCitation>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2</dc:source>
	<dc:description>Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=57073'>IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006.</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Habitat-14549</dc:identifier>
	<dataType>http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text</dataType>
	<mimeType>text/html</mimeType>
	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Crispina B. Binohlan</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1995-08-11 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2003-08-11 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title>Environment</dc:title>
	<dc:language></dc:language>
	<license>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/</license>
	<dc:rights></dc:rights>
	<dcterms:bibliographicCitation></dcterms:bibliographicCitation>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=14549</dc:source>
	<dc:description>demersal; marine; depth range 0 - 360 m (Ref. 9563), usually 0 - 200 m (Ref. 6390)</dc:description>
	<mediaURL></mediaURL>
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	<location></location>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=9563&amp;speccode=14549'>May, J.L. and J.G.H. Maxwell 1986 Trawl fish from temperate waters of Australia. CSIRO Division of Fisheries Research, Tasmania. 492 p. (Ref. 9563)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=6390&amp;speccode=14549'>Kailola, P.J., M.J. Williams, P.C. Stewart, R.E. Reichelt, A. McNee and C. Grieve 1993 Australian fisheries resources. Bureau of Resource Sciences, Canberra, Australia. 422 p. (Ref. 6390)</reference></dataObject>
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