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	<dc:identifier>FB-12955</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=12955</dc:source>
	<dwc:Kingdom>Animalia</dwc:Kingdom>
	<dwc:Phylum>Chordata</dwc:Phylum>
	<dwc:Class>Teleostei</dwc:Class>
	<dwc:Order>Pleuronectiformes</dwc:Order>
	<dwc:Family>Rhombosoleidae</dwc:Family>
	<dwc:Genus>Colistium</dwc:Genus>
	<dwc:ScientificName>Colistium guentheri (Hutton, 1873)</dwc:ScientificName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Turbot</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ru'>камбала</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>裸翼彩菱鰈</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>裸翼彩菱鲽</commonName>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Ammotretis nudipinnis Waite, 1911</synonym>
	<dcterms:created>1995-04-07</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2021-03-11</dcterms:modified>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=205&amp;speccode=12958'>Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen0 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205)</reference>
	<reference isbn='0-477-01427-5(pbk.).' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=5755&amp;speccode=12958'>Paulin, C., A. Stewart, C. Roberts and P. McMillan0 New Zealand fish: a complete guide. National Museum of New Zealand Miscellaneous Series No. 19. 279 p. (Ref. 5755)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=9072&amp;speccode=12958'>Annala, J.H. (comp.)0 Report from the Fishery Assessment Plenary, May 1994: stock assessments and yield estimates. Unpublished report held in MAF Fisheries Greta Point library, Wellington. 242 p. (Ref. 9072)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=9258&amp;speccode=12958'>Armitage, R.O., D.A. Payne, G.J. Lockley, H.M. Currie, R.L. Colban, B.G. Lamb and L.J. Paul (eds.)0 Guide book to New Zealand commercial fish species. Revised edition. New Zealand Fishing Industry Board, Wellington, New Zealand, 216 p. (Ref. 9258)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=9988&amp;speccode=12958'>Frimodt, C.0 Multilingual illustrated guide to the world's commercial coldwater fish. Fishing News Books, Osney Mead, Oxford, England. 215 p. (Ref. 9988)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=26282&amp;speccode=12958'>Eschmeyer, W.N. (ed.)0 Catalog of fishes. Special Publication, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco. 3 vols. 2905 p. (Ref. 26282)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=30426&amp;speccode=12958'>Randolph, S. and M. Snyder0 The seafood list: FDA's guide to acceptable market names for seafood sold in interstate commerce. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, USA. pag. var. (Ref. 30426)</reference>
	<reference isbn='957-8596-59-6' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=31517&amp;speccode=12958'>Wu, H.L., K.-T. Shao and C.F. Lai (eds.)0 Latin-Chinese dictionary of fishes names. The Sueichan Press, Taiwan. 1028 p. (Ref. 31517)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=31982&amp;speccode=12958'>Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the Natural History Museum, London (formerly British Museum of Natural History (BMNH)). Natural History Museum, London (formerly British Museum of Natural History (BMNH)). (Ref. 31982)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=41414&amp;speccode=12958'>Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the American Museum of Natural History. American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West , NY 10024-5192, USA. (Ref. 41414)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=47487&amp;speccode=12958'>Bundesanstalt für Landwirtschaft und Ernährung0 Verzeichnis der Handelsbezeichnungen für Erzeugnisse der Fischerei und der Aquakultur. Retrieved 17 June 2003, from http://www.ble.de. (Ref. 47487)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=47622&amp;speccode=12958'>Stevens, D.W., M.P. Francis, P.J. Shearer, R.P. McPhee, R.W. Hickman and M. Tait0 Age and growth of two endemic flatfish (&lt;i&gt;Colistium guntheri&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;C. nudipinnis&lt;/i&gt;) off the west coast of South Island, New Zealand. Mar. Freshwat. Res. 56(2):143-151. (Ref. 47622)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=48321&amp;speccode=12958'>Ricker, W.E.0 Russian-English dictionary for students of fisheries and aquatic biology. Fisheries Research Board of Canada, Ottawa. (Ref. 48321)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=50831&amp;speccode=12958'>Seafood Services Australia0 Australian fish names list. http://www.seafoodservices.com.au/, version 16 September 2003. (Ref. 50831)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=51668&amp;speccode=12958'>Evseenko, S.A.0 Family Pleuronectidae Cuvier 1816. Righteye flounders. Calif. Acad. Sci. Annotated Checklists of Fishes (37):37. (Ref. 51668)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=58108&amp;speccode=12958'>Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences0 Chinese aquatic germplasm resources database. http://zzzy.fishinfo.cn (Ref. 58108)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=72381&amp;speccode=12958'>Paul, L.0 New Zealand fishes. Identification, natural history and fisheries. Reed Books, Auckland. (Ref. 72381)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=83882&amp;speccode=12958'>FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, March 2010. (Ref. 83882)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=89583&amp;speccode=12958'>Ministry of Fisheries0 MFish approved species codes - Table 1-4. http://www.fish.govt.nz/en-nz/International/High+Seas+Fishing/MFish+Approved+Species+Codes/MFish+Approved+Species+Codes+01.htm?wbc_purpose=Basic%2526WBCMODE (Ref. 89583)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=90062&amp;speccode=12958'>FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, March 2012. (Ref. 90062)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=95632&amp;speccode=12958'>FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, April 2014. (Ref. 95632)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=101110&amp;speccode=12958'>FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, [accessed 13/04/2015]. (Ref. 101110)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=101194&amp;speccode=12958'>Patzner, R.A.0 Reproductive strategies of fish. pp. 311-350.  In  Rocha, M.J., A. Arukwe and B.G. Kapoor (eds). Fish reproduction: cytology, biology and ecology. Science Publisher, Inc. Oxford. 631 p. (Ref. 101194)</reference><dataObject>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Armi G. Torres</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1995-04-07 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2019-09-03 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title>Biology</dc:title>
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	<audience>General public</audience>
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	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution</subject>
	<dc:description>Inhabits shallow waters, generally at depth of less than 50 m.  Juveniles gather in sheltered inshore waters, such as estuarine areas, shallow mudflats and sandflats, where they remain for up to two years (Ref. 9072).  Utilized fresh or frozen for broiling, frying and baking (Ref. 9988).</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='0-477-01427-5(pbk.).' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=5755&amp;speccode=12958'>Paulin, C., A. Stewart, C. Roberts and P. McMillan 1989 New Zealand fish: a complete guide. National Museum of New Zealand Miscellaneous Series No. 19. 279 p. (Ref. 5755)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Distribution-12958</dc:identifier>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Armi G. Torres</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1995-04-07 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2025-01-31 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
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	<dc:description>Southwest Pacific:  occurs only around New Zealand.</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=9258&amp;speccode=12958'>Armitage, R.O., D.A. Payne, G.J. Lockley, H.M. Currie, R.L. Colban, B.G. Lamb and L.J. Paul (eds.) 1994 Guide book to New Zealand commercial fish species. Revised edition. New Zealand Fishing Industry Board, Wellington, New Zealand, 216 p. (Ref. 9258)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Uses-12958</dc:identifier>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Armi G. Torres</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1995-04-07 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2019-09-03 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title>Importance</dc:title>
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	<dc:description>fisheries: minor commercial; gamefish: yes; price category: medium; price reliability: very questionable: based on ex-vessel price for species in this family</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=9258&amp;speccode=12958'>Armitage, R.O., D.A. Payne, G.J. Lockley, H.M. Currie, R.L. Colban, B.G. Lamb and L.J. Paul (eds.) 1994 Guide book to New Zealand commercial fish species. Revised edition. New Zealand Fishing Industry Board, Wellington, New Zealand, 216 p. (Ref. 9258)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=9072&amp;speccode=12958'>Annala, J.H. (comp.) 1994 Report from the Fishery Assessment Plenary, May 1994: stock assessments and yield estimates. Unpublished report held in MAF Fisheries Greta Point library, Wellington. 242 p. (Ref. 9072)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Size-12958</dc:identifier>
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	<dc:title>Max. size</dc:title>
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	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=12958</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats</subject>
	<dc:description>90.0 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 9988)); max. published weight: 1,500 g (Ref. 9988); max. reported age: 16 years (Ref. 47622)</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=9988&amp;speccode=12958'>Frimodt, C. 1995 Multilingual illustrated guide to the world's commercial coldwater fish. Fishing News Books, Osney Mead, Oxford, England. 215 p. (Ref. 9988)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=9988&amp;speccode=12958'>Frimodt, C. 1995 Multilingual illustrated guide to the world's commercial coldwater fish. Fishing News Books, Osney Mead, Oxford, England. 215 p. (Ref. 9988)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=47622&amp;speccode=12958'>Stevens, D.W., M.P. Francis, P.J. Shearer, R.P. McPhee, R.W. Hickman and M. Tait 2005 Age and growth of two endemic flatfish (&lt;i&gt;Colistium guntheri&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;C. nudipinnis&lt;/i&gt;) off the west coast of South Island, New Zealand. Mar. Freshwat. Res. 56(2):143-151. (Ref. 47622)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Belen Acosta</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1990-10-18 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
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	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat</subject>
	<dc:description>Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=57073'>IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006.</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Armi G. Torres</agent>
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	<dc:title>Environment</dc:title>
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	<dc:description>demersal; marine</dc:description>
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