FB-12576 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=12576 Animalia Chordata Elasmobranchii Rhinopristiformes Glaucostegidae Glaucostegus Glaucostegus obtusus (Müller & Henle, 1841) Kæmpeguitarfisk Austalian guitarfish Bennet's shovelnose guitarfish Brown shovelnose ray Common shovelnose ray Giant shovelnose ray Green shovelnose ray Shovelnose ray Shovelnose shark Hiid-kühvelrai Pruun logardrai Pari bandong Pari bandrong Pari gitar Pari kekeh Petong Hiu cermin Kekeh Pari cucut Pari-kemejan muncung pendek Yu pari Yu pengajam Yu cemangi Yu kemejan Yu kia-kia Ronan Cá Giống mẫu Paitpait Pari Reuzenplatsnuitgitaarrog 澳洲犁头鳐 澳洲犁頭鰩 犁头鳐 犁頭鰩 鎧犁頭鰩 铠犁头鳐 Rhinobatos armatus (Gray, 1834) Rhinobatos batillium Whitley, 1939 Rhinobatos batillum Whitley, 1939 Rhinobatos typus (Anonymous [Bennett], 1830) Rhinobatus armatus Gray, 1834 Rhinobatus batillum Whitley, 1939 Rhinobatus granulatus (non Cuvier, 1829) Rhinobatus typus Anonymous [Bennett], 1830 1994-12-19 2019-08-08 Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen0 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205) Herre, A.W.C.T.0 Check list of Philippine fishes. Res. Rep. U.S. Fish Wild. Serv. (20):1-977. (Ref. 280) Randall, J.E., G.R. Allen and R.C. Steene0 Fishes of the Great Barrier Reef and Coral Sea. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, Hawaii. 506 p. (Ref. 2334) Conlu, P.V.0 Guide to Philippine flora and fauna. Fishes. Volume IX. Natural Resources Management Center, Quezon City. 495 p. (Ref. 2858) Hureau, J.-C.0 La base de données GICIM: Gestion informatisée des collections ichthyologiques du Muséum. p. 225-227. In Atlas Préliminaire des Poissons d'Eau Douce de France. Conseil Supérieur de la Pêche, Ministère de l'Environnement, CEMAGREF et Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris. (Ref. 4517) Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea and W.B. Scott0 World fishes important to North Americans. Exclusive of species from the continental waters of the United States and Canada. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. (21):243 p. (Ref. 4537) Talwar, P.K. and R.K. Kacker0 Commercial sea fishes of India. Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta. 997 p. (Ref. 6867) Last, P.R. and J.D. Stevens0 Sharks and rays of Australia. CSIRO, Australia. 513 p. (Ref. 6871) Kailola, P.J.0 The fishes of Papua New Guinea. A revised and annotated checklist. Vol. 1. Myxinidae to Synbranchidae. Research Bulletin No. 41. Department of Fisheries and Marine Resources, Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea. 194 p. (Ref. 6993) Paxton, J.R., D.F. Hoese, G.R. Allen and J.E. Hanley0 Pisces. Petromyzontidae to Carangidae. Zoological Catalogue of Australia, Vol. 7. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra, 665 p. (Ref. 7300) Mould, B.0 A world list of rays. The scientific nomenclature and distribution of the recent Batoidea (Batoidea, Elasmobranchii, Chondrichthyes). University of Nottingham, [UK]. 82 p. (Ref. 8630) Lindsey, C.C.0 Form, function and locomotory habits in fish. p. 1-100. In W. S. Hoar and D. J. Randall (eds.) Fish Physiology VII. Academic Press, New York. (Ref. 9574) Compagno, L.J.V. and P.R. Last0 Rhinobatidae. Guitarfishes. p. 1423-1430. In K.E. Carpenter and V.H. Niem (eds.) FAO identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Rome, FAO. (Ref. 9909) Fritzsch, B. and P. Moller0 A history of electroreception. p. 39-55. In P. Moller (ed.) Electric fishes:history and behavior. Fish and Fisheries Series 17. Chapman & Hall, London. (Ref. 10311) Michael, S.W.0 Reef sharks and rays of the world. A guide to their identification, behavior, and ecology. Sea Challengers, Monterey, California. 107 p. (Ref. 12951) Eschmeyer, W.N. (ed.)0 Catalog of fishes. Special Publication, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco. 3 vols. 2905 p. (Ref. 26282) Swedish Museum of Natural History0 Fish collection database of the Naturhistoriska riksmuseet (Swedish Museum of Natural History). Ichthyology Section, Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden. (Ref. 31402) Wu, H.L., K.-T. Shao and C.F. Lai (eds.)0 Latin-Chinese dictionary of fishes names. The Sueichan Press, Taiwan. 1028 p. (Ref. 31517) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the Natural History Museum, London (formerly British Museum of Natural History (BMNH)). Natural History Museum, London (formerly British Museum of Natural History (BMNH)). (Ref. 31982) Eschmeyer, W.N. (ed.)0 Catalog of fishes. Updated database version of November 1999. Catalog databases as made available to FishBase in November 1999. (Ref. 33021) Compagno, L.J.V.0 Checklist of living elasmobranchs. p. 471-498. In W.C. Hamlett (ed.) Sharks, skates, and rays: the biology of elasmobranch fishes. Johns Hopkins University Press, Maryland. (Ref. 35766) Randall, J.E. and K.K.P. Lim (eds.)0 A checklist of the fishes of the South China Sea. Raffles Bull. Zool. Suppl. (8):569-667. (Ref. 36648) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian Institution). Smithsonian Institution-Division of Fishes. (Ref. 38732) Anonymous0 On reef fisheries exploitation and trade in Indonesia. p. 41-44. In Country Status Overview 2001on reef fisheries exploitation and trade in Indonesia. Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries, Telepak Indo. Found. And International Marine Alliance (IMA) Indonesia. Indonesia. (Ref. 40944) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the American Museum of Natural History. American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West , NY 10024-5192, USA. (Ref. 41414) Anonymous0 Fish collection of the University of the Philippines in the Visayas Museum. UPV Museum. (Ref. 43309) Bor, P.H.F.0 Nederlandse naamlijst van de recente haaien en roggen (Chondrichthyes: Elasmobranchii) van de wereld. World Wide Web electronic publication www.rajidae.tmfweb.nl, version (05/2002). (Ref. 43454) Kapoor, D., R. Dayal and A.G. Ponniah0 Fish biodiversity of India. National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources Lucknow, India.775 p. (Ref. 45255) Compagno, L.J.V., P.R. Last, J.D. Stevens and M.N.R. Alava0 Checklist of Philippine Chondrichthyes. CSIRO Marine Laboratories, Rept. 243. 101 p. (Ref. 47737) Hardy, J.D. Jr. (comp.)0 Coral reef fish species. NOAANational Oceanographic Data Center. NODC Coral Reef Data and Information Management System. USA. 537 p. (Ref. 48497) Dulvy, N.K. and J.D. Reynolds0 Evolutionary transitions among egg-laying, live-bearing and maternal inputs in sharks and rays. Proc. R. Soc. Lond., Ser. B: Biol. Sci. 264:1309-1315. (Ref. 50449) Carl, H.0 Danish fish names. Zoological Museum of Copenhagen. Unpublished. (Ref. 51471) Ahmad, A., A.A. Abdul Haris Hilmi, A.C. Gambang, S. Ahemad and A.R. Solahuddin (eds.)0 Elasmobranch resources, utilization, trade and management in Malaysia. Marine Fishery Resources Development and Management Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center. (Ref. 53392) Nghia, N.V.0 Fishes of Viet Nam. Unpublished compilation of Nguyen Viet Nghia. (Ref. 55784) White, W.T., P.R. Last, J.D. Stevens, G.K. Yearsley, Fahmi and Dharmadi0 Economically important sharks and rays of Indonesia. [Hiu dan pari yang bernilai ekonomis penting di Indonesia]. Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research, Canberra, Australia. (Ref. 58048) Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences0 Chinese aquatic germplasm resources database. http://zzzy.fishinfo.cn (Ref. 58108) Vidthayanon, C.0 Thailand red data: fishes. Office of Natural Resources and Environmental Policy and Planning, Bangkok, Thailand. 108 p. (Ref. 58784) Hoese, D.F., D.J. Bray, J.R. Paxton and G.R. Allen0 Fishes. In Beasley, O.L. and A. Wells (eds.) Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Volume 35 Australia: ABRS & CSIRO Publishing, 2178 p. (Ref. 75154) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis, 29 April 2008. (Ref. 75549) Johnson, J.W.0 Annotated checklist of the fishes of Moreton Bay, Queensland, Australia. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 43(2):709-762. (Ref. 78751) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, March 2010. (Ref. 83882) Seeto, J. and W.J. Baldwin0 A checklist of the fishes of Fiji and a bibliography of Fijian fish. Division of Marine Studies Technical Report 1/2010. The University of the South Pacific. Suva, Fiji. 102 p. (Ref. 85272) Department of Fisheries Malaysia0 Valid local name of Malaysian marine fishes. Department of Fisheries Malaysia. Ministry of Agriculture and Agro-based Industry. 180 p. (Ref. 85449) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, March 2012. (Ref. 90062) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, April 2014. (Ref. 95632) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, [accessed 13/04/2015]. (Ref. 101110) eElurikkus0 eElurikkus koondab ühte portaali Eesti eluslooduse andmed. http://elurikkus.ut.ee/ (Ref. 105471) Termeki on Eesti Keele Instituudi0 Termeki on Eesti Keele Instituudi. http://term.eki.ee/termbase/view/7351963/ (Ref. 105574) Last, P.R., W.T. White, M.R. de Carvalho, B. Séret, M.F.W. Stehmann and G.J.P. Naylor0 Rays of the world. CSIRO Publishing, Comstock Publishing Associates. i-ix + 1-790. (Ref. 114953) Anderson, E.S.0 The response of a predatory fish, <i>Ophiodon elongatus</i>, to a marine protected area: variation in diet, catch rates, and size composition. California Polytechnic State University. (Ref. 115074) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en (accessed 08/06/2017). (Ref. 115257) Clough, J.M.0 Demersal fish assemblages of South Passage and Blind Strait, Western Australia: a unique subtropical embayment in a World Heritage Property - RAW DATA in excel file.. University of Western Australia, 6 worksheets (Ref. 115274) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from htttps://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en [accessed May, 2018] (Ref. 118272) Kumar R.R., Venu S., Akhilesh K.V., Bineesh K.K. and Rajan P.T.0 First report of four deep-sea chondrichthyans (Elasmobranchii and Holocephali) from Andaman waters, India with an updated checklist from the region. Acta Ichthyol. Piscat. 48(3):289-301. (Ref. 118627) Tsuboi, M., W. van der Bijl, B.T. Kopperud, J. Erritzoe, K.L. Voje, A. Kotrschal, K.E. Yopak, S.P. Collin, A.N. Iwaniuk and N. Kolm0 Breakdown of brain-body allometry and the encephalization of birds and mammals. Nat. Ecol. Evol. 2:1495-1500. (Ref. 118717) University of Western Australia0 Benthic BRUVS data 2019. Video BRUVS from Jessica Meeuwig. (Ref. 122752) CITES, UNEP-WCMC0 The Checklist of CITES Species Website. Appendices I, II and III valid from 28 August 2020. CITES Secretariat, Geneva, Switzerland. Compiled by UNEP-WCMC, Cambridge, UK. https://www.cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php [Accessed 4 January 2020]. (Ref. 123416) Kyne, P.M., A.J. Courtney, I.P. Jacobsen and M.B. Bennett0 Reproductive parameters of rhinobatid and urolophid batoids taken as by‐catch in the Queensland (Australia) east coast otter‐trawl fishery. J. Fish Biol. 89(2):1208-1226. (Ref. 127662) Timm, L.L., J.E. Carter, J. Frey Sr., J. Prappas and R.D. Wells0 Birth of common shovelnose rays (<i>Glaucostegus typus</i>) under captive conditions. Zoo Biology 33(4):357-359. (Ref. 127702) Heemstra, P.C., E. Heemstra, D.A. Ebert, W. Holleman and J.E. Randall (eds.)0 Coastal fishes of the Western Indian Ocean Vol. 1. South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, a National Research Facility of the National Research Foundation (NRF-SAIAB), 730 p. (Ref. 127960) CITES0 Appendices I, II and III valid from 11 January 2023 and 25 November 2023. UNEP. (Ref. 128078) Tapilatu, M.E., D.P. Wijayanti, Subagiyo, A. Sembiring, N.L.A. Yusmalinda, E.Y. Ningsih, M.D. Al Malik and N.P.D. Pertiwi0 Genetic diversity of wedgefishes and guitar fishes at landing sites in east Indonesia using cytochrome subunit I (COI). Biodiversitas 24(5):3120-3127. (Ref. 130939) CITES0 Appendices I, II and III. UNEP. (Ref. 131153) Ferragut-Perello, F., S. Ramirez-Amaro, A.C. Tsikliras, N. Petit-Marty, D. Dimarchopoulou0 Exploitation and conservation status of the thornback ray (<i>Raja clavata</i>) in the Balearic Islands (Western Mediterranean). Fishes 8(2):117. (Ref. 132125) FB-pic-12577-29026 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/gif FAO 2001-05-02 2010-07-09 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=12577 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Rhtyp_u2.gif http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/gif/tn_Rhtyp_u2.gif FB-GeneralDescr-12577 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Pascualita Sa-a 1994-12-20 00:00:00 2024-11-13 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=12577 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Occurs inshore and offshore, from the intertidal to offshore continental and insular shelves (Ref. 9909). Young individuals are found inshore on sand flats, around atolls, and in mangrove swamps, estuaries and coastal lagoons (Ref. 6871). Adults occur inshore, over continental shelf, to ~100 m deep, and also the only rhinobatid reportedly able to live and breed in freshwater (Ref. 6871, 127960). Feeds on shellfish, mainly on crustaceans, prawns and crabs (Ref. 9909, Ref. 114953) and also small bony fishes (Ref. 127960). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449). Maturity size at 150-180 cm TL; born at 38-40 cm TL (Ref. 114953). Probably the major commercial guitarfish in the Western Central Pacific (Ref. 9909). Caught regularly by demersal tangle net fisheries operating throughout the area. Utilized for its meat, fins (both very high value), skin and cartilage (Ref. 58048). Reported to attain a maximum length of 4 m (Ref. 58784). Last, P.R. and J.D. Stevens 1994 Sharks and rays of Australia. CSIRO, Australia. 513 p. (Ref. 6871) FB-Distribution-12577 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Pascualita Sa-a 1994-12-20 00:00:00 2024-07-17 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=12577 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#DiagnosticDescription Indo-West Pacific: Thailand to New Guinea and the Solomon Islands, south to Australia. Records from the south coast of India, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, and Myanmar need confirmation. Compagno, L.J.V. and P.R. Last 1999 Rhinobatidae. Guitarfishes. p. 1423-1430. In K.E. Carpenter and V.H. Niem (eds.) FAO identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Rome, FAO. (Ref. 9909) FB-Uses-12577 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Pascualita Sa-a 1994-12-20 00:00:00 2024-11-13 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=12577 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology fisheries: minor commercial; aquarium: commercial; price category: low; price reliability: questionable: based on ex-vessel price for species in this genus Ahmad, A., A.A. Abdul Haris Hilmi, A.C. Gambang, S. Ahemad and A.R. Solahuddin (eds.) 2004 Elasmobranch resources, utilization, trade and management in Malaysia. Marine Fishery Resources Development and Management Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center. (Ref. 53392) Anonymous 2001 On reef fisheries exploitation and trade in Indonesia. p. 41-44. In Country Status Overview 2001on reef fisheries exploitation and trade in Indonesia. Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries, Telepak Indo. Found. And International Marine Alliance (IMA) Indonesia. Indonesia. (Ref. 40944) FB-LifeCycle-12577 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1994-12-20 00:00:00 2024-11-13 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=12577&StockCode=12922 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449). Born at 38-40 cm TL (Ref.58048). Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen 1966 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205) FB-TrophicStrategy-12577 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Drina Sta. Iglesia 2000-12-22 00:00:00 2018-04-12 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ typus Adults found on the continental shelf down to 100 m. Juveniles found inshore around atolls, in mangrove swamps and occasionally enter estuaries . Feeds on shellfish. Reported to live and breed permanently in freshwater. Last, P.R. and J.D. Stevens 1994 Sharks and rays of Australia. CSIRO, Australia. 513 p. (Ref. 6871) FB-Size-12577 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Pascualita Sa-a 1994-12-20 00:00:00 2024-11-13 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=12577 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size 270 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 9909)) Compagno, L.J.V. and P.R. Last 1999 Rhinobatidae. Guitarfishes. p. 1423-1430. In K.E. Carpenter and V.H. Niem (eds.) FAO identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Rome, FAO. (Ref. 9909) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Habitat-12577 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Pascualita Sa-a 1994-12-20 00:00:00 2024-11-13 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=12577 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat demersal; freshwater; brackish; marine; depth range 0 - 100 m (Ref. 6871) Last, P.R. and J.D. Stevens 1994 Sharks and rays of Australia. CSIRO, Australia. 513 p. (Ref. 6871)