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	<dc:identifier>FB-1227</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1227</dc:source>
	<dwc:Kingdom>Animalia</dwc:Kingdom>
	<dwc:Phylum>Chordata</dwc:Phylum>
	<dwc:Class>Teleostei</dwc:Class>
	<dwc:Order>Eupercaria/misc</dwc:Order>
	<dwc:Family>Sparidae</dwc:Family>
	<dwc:Genus>Calamus</dwc:Genus>
	<dwc:ScientificName>Calamus penna (Valenciennes, 1830)</dwc:ScientificName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Knobbed porgy</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='fr'>Daubenet bouton</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='es'>Majarrón pecoso</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='es'>Pluma botón</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>瘤突芦鲷</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>瘤突蘆鯛</commonName>
	<dcterms:created>1990-10-17</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2019-04-23</dcterms:modified>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=276&amp;speccode=1226'>Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea and W.B. Scott0 A list of common and scientific names of fishes from the United States and Canada. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. (12)1-174. (Ref. 276)</reference>
	<reference isbn='0-913235-69-5 (pbk).' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=3814&amp;speccode=1226'>Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea and W.B. Scott0 Common and scientific names of fishes from the United States and Canada. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. (20):183 p. (Ref. 3814)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=3815&amp;speccode=1226'>Randall, J.E. and R. Vergara0 Sparidae. In W. Fischer (ed.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Central Atlantic (Fishing Area 31). FAO, Rome. Vol. 5. pag.var. (Ref. 3815)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=6077&amp;speccode=1226'>Cervigón, F. and W. Fischer0 INFOPESCA. Catálogo de especies marinas de interes economico actual o potencial para América Latina. Parte 1. Atlántico centro y suroccidental. FAO/UNDP, SIC/79/1. 372 p. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 6077)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=7251&amp;speccode=1226'>Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray0 A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=8889&amp;speccode=1226'>Horvath, M.L., C.B. Grimes and G.R. Huntsman0 Growth, mortality, reproduction and feeding of knobbed porgy, &lt;i&gt;Calamus nodosus&lt;/i&gt;, along the southeastern United States coast. Bull. Mar. Sci. 46(3):677-687. (Ref. 8889)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=26938&amp;speccode=1226'>Smith, C.L.0 National Audubon Society field guide to tropical marine fishes of the Caribbean, the Gulf of Mexico, Florida, the Bahamas, and Bermuda. Alfred A. Knopf, Inc., New York. 720 p. (Ref. 26938)</reference>
	<reference isbn='957-8596-59-6' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=31517&amp;speccode=1226'>Wu, H.L., K.-T. Shao and C.F. Lai (eds.)0 Latin-Chinese dictionary of fishes names. The Sueichan Press, Taiwan. 1028 p. (Ref. 31517)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=31982&amp;speccode=1226'>Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the Natural History Museum, London (formerly British Museum of Natural History (BMNH)). Natural History Museum, London (formerly British Museum of Natural History (BMNH)). (Ref. 31982)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=38732&amp;speccode=1226'>Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian Institution). Smithsonian Institution-Division of Fishes. (Ref. 38732)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=41414&amp;speccode=1226'>Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the American Museum of Natural History. American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West , NY 10024-5192, USA. (Ref. 41414)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=47438&amp;speccode=1226'>Anonymous0 Fish collection of the Royal Ontario Museum. Royal Ontario Museum. (Ref. 47438)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=48497&amp;speccode=1226'>Hardy, J.D. Jr. (comp.)0 Coral reef fish species. NOAANational Oceanographic Data Center. NODC Coral Reef Data and Information Management System. USA. 537 p. (Ref. 48497)</reference>
	<reference isbn='92-5-104827-4' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=51715&amp;speccode=1226'>Carpenter, K.E.0 Sparidae. Porgies. p. 1554-1577. In K.E. Carpenter (ed.) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Atlantic. Vol. 3: Bony fishes part 2 (Opistognathidae to Molidae), sea turtles and marine mammals. (Ref. 51715)</reference>
	<reference isbn='1-888569-61-1' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=52299&amp;speccode=1226'>Nelson, J.S., E.J. Crossman, H. Espinosa-Pérez, L.T. Findley, C.R. Gilbert, R.N. Lea and J.D. Williams0 Common and scientific names of fishes from the United States, Canada, and Mexico. American Fisheries Society, Special Publication 29, Bethesda, Maryland. ix, 386 p. + 1 CD. (Ref. 52299)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=58108&amp;speccode=1226'>Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences0 Chinese aquatic germplasm resources database. http://zzzy.fishinfo.cn (Ref. 58108)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=74908&amp;speccode=1226'>Vega-Cendejas, M.E.0 Ictiofauna de la reserva de la biosfera Celestún, Yucatán: una contribución al conocimiento de su biodiversidad. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Anales del Instituto de Biología, Serie Zoología 75:193-206. (Ref. 74908)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=78464&amp;speccode=1226'>McEachran, J.D. and J.D. Fechhelm0 Fishes of the Gulf of Mexico. Vol. 2. Austin : University of Texas Press. viii+1004p. (Ref. 78464)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=118580&amp;speccode=1226'>SCRFA, Science and Conservation of Fish Aggregations0 SCRFA database. Web online database. https://www.scrfa.org/database/: SCRFA. [2013-onwards]. (Ref. 118580)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=128750&amp;speccode=1226'>Burton, M.L., J.C. Potts, A.J. Poholek, A. Ostrowski and J. Page0 Age, growth, natural mortality, and reproductive seasonality of knobbed porgy from southeastern United States waters. Marine and Coastal Fisheries 11(2):231-245. (Ref. 128750)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=137577&amp;speccode=1226'>Price, S.A., S.T. Friedman, K.A. Corn, O. Larouche, K. Brockelsby, A.J. Lee, M. Nagaraj, N.G. Bertrand, M. Danao, M.C. Coyne, J.R. Estrada, R. Friedman, E. Hoeft, M. Iwan, D. Gross, J.H. Kao, B. Landry, M.J. Linares, C. McGlinn and …0 FishShapes v1: Functionally relevant measurements of teleost shape and size on three dimensions. Ecology 103(e3829):1-2. (Ref. 137577)</reference><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-GeneralDescr-1226</dc:identifier>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Susan M. Luna</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1990-10-17 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2024-08-12 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title>Biology</dc:title>
	<dc:language></dc:language>
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	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1226</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size</subject>
	<dc:description>Found over hard bottoms.  Sometimes taken in trawls and hook and line; good food fish (Ref. 26938).</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=7251&amp;speccode=1226'>Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray 1986 A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Distribution-1226</dc:identifier>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Susan M. Luna</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1990-10-18 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2025-11-05 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
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	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1226</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats</subject>
	<dc:description>Western Atlantic:  North Carolina to southern Florida in the USA and the entire Gulf of Mexico.</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=7251&amp;speccode=1226'>Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray 1986 A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Uses-1226</dc:identifier>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Susan M. Luna</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1990-10-17 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2024-08-12 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title>Importance</dc:title>
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	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat</subject>
	<dc:description>fisheries: minor commercial; gamefish: yes; price category: medium; price reliability: questionable: based on ex-vessel price for species in this genus</dc:description>
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	<location></location>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=6077&amp;speccode=1226'>Cervigón, F. and W. Fischer 1979 INFOPESCA. Catálogo de especies marinas de interes economico actual o potencial para América Latina. Parte 1. Atlántico centro y suroccidental. FAO/UNDP, SIC/79/1. 372 p. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 6077)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=83530'>IGFA 2009 Database of IGFA angling records until 2009. IGFA, Fort Lauderdale, USA.</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-LifeCycle-1226</dc:identifier>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Crispina B. Binohlan</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1990-10-17 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2024-08-12 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title></dc:title>
	<dc:language></dc:language>
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	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=1226&amp;StockCode=1242</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution</subject>
	<dc:description>Sex change occurs at 30-50 cm TL.</dc:description>
	<mediaURL></mediaURL>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=8889&amp;speccode=1226'>Horvath, M.L., C.B. Grimes and G.R. Huntsman 1990 Growth, mortality, reproduction and feeding of knobbed porgy, &lt;i&gt;Calamus nodosus&lt;/i&gt;, along the southeastern United States coast. Bull. Mar. Sci. 46(3):677-687. (Ref. 8889)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Rubyann Robelle Polido</agent>
	<dcterms:created>2015-08-18 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2015-08-18 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
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	<dc:source>nodosus</dc:source>
	<dc:description>Found over hard bottoms (Ref. 26938) and sometimes over predominantly sandy bottoms (Ref. 8889).  Associated with wrecks, reefs and rock outcroppings along outer continental shelf.  Opportunistic benthic carnivore that preys mainly on mollusks, crabs, polychaetes and sea urchins (Ref. 8889).</dc:description>
	<mediaURL></mediaURL>
	<thumbnailURL></thumbnailURL>
	<location></location>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=26938&amp;speccode=1226'>Smith, C.L. 1997 National Audubon Society field guide to tropical marine fishes of the Caribbean, the Gulf of Mexico, Florida, the Bahamas, and Bermuda. Alfred A. Knopf, Inc., New York. 720 p. (Ref. 26938)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Size-1226</dc:identifier>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Susan M. Luna</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1990-10-17 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2024-08-12 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title>Max. size</dc:title>
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	<dcterms:rightsHolder>WorldFish Center - FishBase</dcterms:rightsHolder>
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	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1226</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size</subject>
	<dc:description>54.4 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 8889)); max. published weight: 2,630 g (Ref. 40637); max. reported age: 17 years (Ref. 8889)</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=8889&amp;speccode=1226'>Horvath, M.L., C.B. Grimes and G.R. Huntsman 1990 Growth, mortality, reproduction and feeding of knobbed porgy, &lt;i&gt;Calamus nodosus&lt;/i&gt;, along the southeastern United States coast. Bull. Mar. Sci. 46(3):677-687. (Ref. 8889)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=40637'>IGFA 2001 Database of IGFA angling records until 2001. IGFA, Fort Lauderdale, USA.</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=8889&amp;speccode=1226'>Horvath, M.L., C.B. Grimes and G.R. Huntsman 1990 Growth, mortality, reproduction and feeding of knobbed porgy, &lt;i&gt;Calamus nodosus&lt;/i&gt;, along the southeastern United States coast. Bull. Mar. Sci. 46(3):677-687. (Ref. 8889)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Belen Acosta</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1990-10-18 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
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	<dc:description>Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=57073'>IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006.</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Habitat-1226</dc:identifier>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Susan M. Luna</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1990-10-17 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
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	<dc:title>Environment</dc:title>
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	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1226</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat</subject>
	<dc:description>reef-associated; marine; depth range 7 - 90 m (Ref. 26938)</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=26938&amp;speccode=1226'>Smith, C.L. 1997 National Audubon Society field guide to tropical marine fishes of the Caribbean, the Gulf of Mexico, Florida, the Bahamas, and Bermuda. Alfred A. Knopf, Inc., New York. 720 p. (Ref. 26938)</reference></dataObject>
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