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<taxon>
	<dc:identifier>FB-11018</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=11018</dc:source>
	<dwc:Kingdom>Animalia</dwc:Kingdom>
	<dwc:Phylum>Chordata</dwc:Phylum>
	<dwc:Class>Teleostei</dwc:Class>
	<dwc:Order>Osteoglossiformes</dwc:Order>
	<dwc:Family>Mormyridae</dwc:Family>
	<dwc:Genus>Petrocephalus</dwc:Genus>
	<dwc:ScientificName>Petrocephalus simus Sauvage, 1879</dwc:ScientificName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Chise</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Lububu</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='cs'>Rypoun ploskorypý</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Mormyrids</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='et'>Tömpkoon-kivipeakala</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ee'>Avakali</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Adoua</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='fi'>Kyhmynuijakala</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='fr'>Mormyre</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Mumeli</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Kapepe</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Lundembe</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Lwasa</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Mbungo</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Ndembe</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Sehel</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Sial</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Siel</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>扁鼻岩头长颌鱼</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>扁鼻岩頭長頜魚</commonName>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Mormyrus simus (Sauvage, 1879)</synonym>
	<dcterms:created>1994-06-18</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2024-06-05</dcterms:modified>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=106245&amp;speccode=11018'>Moelants, T.0 Diversity and ecology of the ichthyofauna of the Middle and Upper Congo basin: a case-study in the region of the Wagenia falls (Democratic Republic of the Congo). KULeuven, Faculty of Science, Leuven (Belgium), 320p. (Ref. 106245)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=117394&amp;speccode=11018'>Sukhum, K.V., M.K. Freiler, R. Wang and B.A. Carlson0 The costs of a big brain: extreme encephalization results in higher energetic demand and reduced hypoxia tolerance in weakly African fishes. Proc. R. Soc. B 283:2016-2157. (Ref. 117394)</reference>
	<reference isbn='978-3-030-03083-4' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=120641&amp;speccode=11018'>Skelton, P.H.0 Chapter 11. The freshwater fishes of Angola. p. 207-242. In B.J. Huntley, V. Russo, F. Lages and N. Ferrand (eds.) Biodiversity of Angola. Science &amp; conservation: a modern synthesis. Springer Nature Switzerland AG, Cham, Switzerland. 549 p. (Ref. 120641)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=137577&amp;speccode=11018'>Price, S.A., S.T. Friedman, K.A. Corn, O. Larouche, K. Brockelsby, A.J. Lee, M. Nagaraj, N.G. Bertrand, M. Danao, M.C. Coyne, J.R. Estrada, R. Friedman, E. Hoeft, M. Iwan, D. Gross, J.H. Kao, B. Landry, M.J. Linares, C. McGlinn and …0 FishShapes v1: Functionally relevant measurements of teleost shape and size on three dimensions. Ecology 103(e3829):1-2. (Ref. 137577)</reference><dataObject>
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	<dc:description>Possesses electroreceptors over the entire head and on the ventral and dorsal regions of the body, but absent from the side and the caudal peduncle where the electric organ is located  (Ref. 10011).  Found schooling with other species having identical electric organ discharge (EOD) waveforms (Ref. 10460).  A fractional spawner (Ref. 10605, 10606). Entomophagous (Ref. 51193).</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=3203&amp;speccode=11018'>Gosse, J.-P. 1984 Mormyridae. p. 63-122. In J. Daget, J.-P. Gosse and D.F.E. Thys van den Audenaerde (eds.) Check-list of the freshwater fishes of Africa (CLOFFA). ORSTOM, Paris and MRAC, Tervuren. Vol. 1. (Ref. 3203)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<dc:description>Dorsal spines (total): 0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 20 - 23;  Analspines: 0; Analsoft rays: 31 - 34</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=11970&amp;speccode=11018'>Poll, M. 1967 Contribution à la faune ichthyologique de l'Angola. Diamang Publ. Cult., nr. 75:381 p. (Ref. 11970)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<dc:description>Africa:  Guinea Bissau (Ref. 1880) to Angola (Ref. 11970). Widely distributed in the Congo River basin (Ref. 2970), in Central African Republic (45441), Cameroon (Ref. 51193), Democratic Republic of the Congo (Ref. 2970), Angola (Ref. 11970) and Zambia (Ref. 42135).</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=3203&amp;speccode=11018'>Gosse, J.-P. 1984 Mormyridae. p. 63-122. In J. Daget, J.-P. Gosse and D.F.E. Thys van den Audenaerde (eds.) Check-list of the freshwater fishes of Africa (CLOFFA). ORSTOM, Paris and MRAC, Tervuren. Vol. 1. (Ref. 3203)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<dc:title>Importance</dc:title>
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	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats</subject>
	<dc:description>fisheries: commercial</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=11235&amp;speccode=11018'>Trewavas, E. and F.R. Irvine 1947 Fresh-water fishes. p. 221-282. In F.R. Irvine (ed.) The fishes and fisheries of the Gold Coast. The Crown Agents for the Colonies, London. 352 p. (Ref. 11235)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Migration-11018</dc:identifier>
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	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat</subject>
	<dc:description>Potamodromous. Migrating within streams, migratory in rivers, e.g. Saliminus, Moxostoma, Labeo.  Migrations should be cyclical and predictable and cover more than 100 km.</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=51243&amp;speccode=11018'>Riede, K. 2004 Global register of migratory species - from global to regional scales. Final Report of the R&amp;D-Projekt 808 05 081. Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Bonn, Germany. 329 p. (Ref. 51243)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Size-11018</dc:identifier>
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	<dc:title>Max. size</dc:title>
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	<dc:description>12.0 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 2059))</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=2059&amp;speccode=11018'>Baensch, H.A. and R. Riehl 1991 Aquarien atlas. Bd. 3. Melle: Mergus, Verlag für Natur-und Heimtierkunde, Germany. 1104 p. (Ref. 2059)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2</dc:source>
	<dc:description>Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=57073'>IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006.</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Migration</subject>
	<dc:description>demersal; potamodromous (Ref. 51243); freshwater</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=51243&amp;speccode=11018'>Riede, K. 2004 Global register of migratory species - from global to regional scales. Final Report of the R&amp;D-Projekt 808 05 081. Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Bonn, Germany. 329 p. (Ref. 51243)</reference></dataObject>
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