分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
; 淡水; 半鹹淡水 居於水底的; pH range: 7.2 - 8.0; dH range: 10 - 25. 溫帶; 8°C - 22°C (Ref. 12468); 50°N - 43°N, 15°E - 40°E
Europe: Northern Black Sea basin from Danube (up to Vienna) to Kuban drainages; Caspian basin (Volga and Ural drainages).
歐洲: 到窩瓦河與烏拉山脈的河多瑙河。 在伯恩公約的附錄 3 中 (受保育的動物群).
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 25.0, range 20 - 30 cm
Max length : 40.0 cm SL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 59043); 最大年齡: 12 年 (Ref. 59043)
簡短描述
型態特徵 | 形態測量圖
Distinguished uniquely from congeners in Europe by the absence of canine teeth. Differs further by the combination of the following characters: second dorsal fin with 19-21½ branched rays; 70-83 scales on lateral line; and cheek scaled (Ref. 59043).
Inhabits large, turbid rivers and lakes, and brackish coastal lakes and estuaries. Most active at dusk and dawn. Feeds on small fish and invertebrates. Larvae and juveniles are pelagic and feed on zooplankton. Attains first sexual maturity at 3-4 years of age and 20-30 cm SL. Spawns in April-May. May undertake short spawning migrations (Ref. 59043).
棲息於河。 也發現於在河口附近的半淡鹹水。 較小的魚捕食附著於河床的甲殼動物。 較大的魚吃魚苗的魚群而且吃小的棲木， 鱸〔河鱸〕〔Perca fluviatilis〕與 ruffe ， 梅花鱸〔Gymnocephalus cernuus〕 ,.(參考文獻 9696)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Individual females spawn 2-3 portions of eggs. May undertake short spawning migrations. Males are territorial. They excavate shallow depressions in sand or gravel, or exposed plant roots where eggs are deposited, usually along shallow shores at 1-2 m depth (Ref. 59043).歐洲: 到窩瓦河與烏拉山脈的河多瑙河。 在伯恩公約的附錄 3 中 (受保育的動物群).
Kottelat, M. and J. Freyhof, 2007. Handbook of European freshwater fishes. Publications Kottelat, Cornol and Freyhof, Berlin. 646 pp. (Ref. 59043)
人類使用
漁業: 商業性; 游釣魚種: 是的
更多資訊
年龄/大小成長長度-重量長度-長度長度-頻率形態測量圖型態特徵仔魚稚魚動力學入添量豐度BRUVS
參考文獻養殖養殖資訊品種遺傳學Electrophoreses遺傳率疾病加工NutrientsMass conversion
合作者照片Stamps, Coins Misc.聲音神經毒速度泳型鰓區Otoliths腦重體重比眼睛色素
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5312 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00832 (0.00339 - 0.02042), b=3.09 (2.89 - 3.29), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 4.1 ±0.66 se; based on food items.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增時間4.5 - 14 年 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (39 of 100).
