分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Elasmobranchii
板鳃亚纲 (鲨鱼与 鱼) (sharks and rays) >
Squaliformes (Sleeper and dogfish sharks)
棘鮫目 (Sleeper and dogfish sharks) >
Dalatiidae (Sleeper sharks)
黑鮫科 (Sleeper sharks)
Etymology: Isistius: Etymology not explained, probably iso-, from isos (Gr.), equal; istius, from histion (Gr.), sail (i.e., dorsal fin), referring to its two similarly shaped and sized (and posterior) dorsal fins, a character Gill used to diagnose genus. José I. Castro, The Sharks of North America (Oxford University Press, 2011), suggests name may allude to the Egyptian goddess Isis, represented in statuary with her head veiled, or to the dark collar encircling throat of I. brasiliensis, “which could also suggest a veil over the head” (p. 145). This interpretation is rejected by the fact that Gill often used “istius” in the names of several genera distinguished (at least in part) by their dorsal fins (Acanthistius, Brachyistius, Caristius, Dichistius, Goniistius, Iniistius, Micromesistius, Nematistius). (See ETYFish); brasiliensis: -ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: off the coast of Brazil, type locality. (See ETYFish).
More on authors: Quoy & Gaimard.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋 深海区的; 海洋洄游的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 0 - 3700 m (Ref. 55584), usually 0 - 1000 m (Ref. 89423). 深水域; 35°N - 47°S, 180°W - 180°E
Western Atlantic: Bahamas and southern Brazil. Eastern Atlantic: Cape Verde, Guinea to Sierra Leone, southern Angola and South Africa, including Ascension Island. Indo-Pacific: Mauritius to New Guinea, Lord Howe Island, and New Zealand (Ref. 26346), north to Japan and east to the Hawaiian Islands. Eastern Pacific: Easter Island (Ref. 9068) and the Galapagos.
西大西洋: 巴哈馬與巴西南部。 東大西洋: 維德角，幾內亞到獅子山，安哥拉南部與南非, 包括阿森松島。 印度-太平洋: 模里西斯到新幾內亞，羅得豪島與紐西蘭 (參考文獻 26346), 北至日本而且東至夏威夷群島。 東太平洋: 復活島 (參考文獻 9068) 與加拉巴哥島。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 41.0, range 38 - 44 cm
Max length : 42.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 48844); 56.0 cm TL (female)
背棘 (总数): 0; 背的软条 (总数): 0; 臀棘 0; 臀鳍软条: 0; 脊椎骨: 81 - 89. The cookiecutter shark Isistius brasiliensis is distinctive for the prominent dark collar marking around its throat, large nearly symmetrical caudal fin with a long ventral lobe over 2/3 length of dorsal caudal margin, and moderately large lower teeth in 25-32 rows. Eyes set anterior of head but sufficiently far back to lack an extensive anterior binocular field. Pectoral fins subquadrate; pelvic fins larger than dorsal fins (Ref.247). Tooth count: 30-37/25-31. Vertebral count: 81-89. Spiral valve count: 8-10 (Ref. 48844). Dark brown dorsally, paler ventrally except for blackish band across throat; tips of caudal lobe blackish (Ref. 6577). As with the other member of the genus Isistius , it has a characteristic small cigar-shaped body with two small close-set spineless dorsal fins far posterior on back, no anal fin, huge, triangular-cusped teeth without blades, short, bulbous snout and a unique suctorial lips (Ref. 247).
雪茄鲨 雪茄鲛［Isistius brasiliensis］ 特徵为它的咽喉的周围突出的黑环纹, 大的几乎对称在 25-32 列中尾鳍有后背侧缘的长腹超过 2/3 的叶长度 , 与普通大的下颚齿。 眼睛位于前面的头部但是充份远在背上缺乏一个广阔的前方双眼的视野。 胸鳍子方骨; 腹鳍大于背鳍.(参考文献 247) 牙齿数目: 30-37/25-31. 脊椎骨数: 81-89. 螺旋瓣数目: 8-10.(参考文献 48844) 背部深褐色, 腹侧灰白的除了越过咽喉的黑色条纹; 尾叶的顶端黑色的.(参考文献 6577) 与本属 Isistius 的另一个成员相较 , 它有一个特殊的小雪茄-形状的身体有二小的靠拢在一起无棘的背鳍在背上极后端又没有臀鳍, 极大的，三角形没有叶片的尖牙，和短又凸起的吻与一个独特的吸吮式嘴唇.(参考文献 247)
Oceanic species (Ref. 247). Epi- to bathypelagic at 1-3500 m (Ref. 58302). Makes diurnal vertical migrations from below 1,000 m in the day to or near the surface at night (Ref. 6871, 58302). Travels long vertical distances in excess of 2,000 to 3,000 m on a diel cycle (Ref. 247). Feeds free-living deepwater prey such as large squid, gonostomatids, crustaceans but is also a facultative ectoparasite on larger pelagic animals such as wahoo, tuna, billfishes, and cetaceans (Ref. 247). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 205), with 6-12 young per litter (Ref. 48844). The cookiecutter shark has specialized suctorial lips and a strongly modified pharynx that allow it to attach to the sides of it prey (Ref. 247). It then drives its saw-like lower dentition into the skin and flesh of its victim, twists about to cut out a conical plug of flesh, then pull free with the plug cradled by its scoop-like lower jaw and held by the hook-like upper teeth (Ref. 247). Teeth are shed as a complete unit; the lower teeth are swallowed, perhaps to maintain sufficient calcium levels in its body (Ref. 247). Interconnection at the bases of individual tooth allows a whole row of teeth to move if one tooth is touched. This shark is reported to radiate light for as long as three hours after its death. Not dangerous to people because of its small size and habitat preferences (Ref. 247).
大洋性鱼种.(参考文献 247) 作每日垂直回游从下方在白天的 1,000 公尺到或晚上接近水表面处.(参考文献 6871) 在一个日周期性的周期上移动超过 2,000 到 3,000 公尺的长垂直的距离。 (参考文献 247) 为食独立生存的深水猎物例如大的乌贼，钻光鱼, 甲壳动物但是也是一个在比较大的大洋性的动物上的官能性体外寄生动物例如刺鱍，鲔鱼，青旗鱼与鲸类.(参考文献 247) 卵胎生的 (参考文献 205), 6-12个幼鱼每胎.(参考文献 48844) 雪茄鲨已经特殊化吸吮式嘴唇与一個讓它吸附到獵物的體側的強化的咽喉。 (參考文獻 247) 它然後進入皮膚與它的受害者的肉之內駕駛它的像鋸子一樣下顎齒,扭曲到處剪下一個肉的錐形栓塞, 然後用它的像鏟子一樣的下頜以栓子的支架拉住而且維持藉由鉤狀的上顎齒.(參考文獻 247) 齒被流出作為一個完全的單位; 下面的齒被吞, 也許在它的身體維持充份的鈣水平.(參考文獻 247) 如果一個牙齒是，連結在個別牙齒的牙根讓齒的整個列移動接觸。 這一隻鯊魚被報告達長達三小時在它的死亡之後發光。 沒有危險性對人由於它的體型小與棲息地偏愛.(參考文獻 247)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
Presumably ovoviviparous; 6 or 7 large eggs have been found in ovaries (Ref. 247). Distinct pairing with embrace (Ref. 205). Viviparous, without a yolk sac placenta, 6-12 young per litter. Males mature at about 36 cm, with a maximum length of 42 cm; females mature at 39 cm, with a maximum length of 56 cm. Size at birth is unknown. (Ref. 48844).西大西洋: 巴哈馬與巴西南部。 東大西洋: 維德角，幾內亞到獅子山，安哥拉南部與南非, 包括阿森松島。 印度-太平洋: 模里西斯到新幾內亞，羅得豪島與紐西蘭 (參考文獻 26346), 北至日本而且東至夏威夷群島。 東太平洋: 復活島 (參考文獻 9068) 與加拉巴哥島。
Compagno, L.J.V., 1984. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 4. Sharks of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date. Part 1 - Hexanchiformes to Lamniformes. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(4/1):1-249. Rome, FAO. (Ref. 247)
人类利用
渔业: 低经济
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 3.1 - 9.7, mean 4.8 °C (based on 2327 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.7520 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00372 (0.00141 - 0.00976), b=3.12 (2.89 - 3.35), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 4.3 ±0.3 se; based on diet studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 非常低的, 最小族群倍增时间超过14 年 (Fec = 6).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (42 of 100).
