Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
экология
; пресноводный; солоноватоводный демерсальный; мигрирует в реке (Ref. 51243); пределы глубины 0 - ? m. Temperate; 4°C - 20°C (Ref. 2059); 65°N - 40°N
Europe and Asia: North, Baltic, White, Black (south to Rioni drainage) and Caspian Sea basins, Atlantic basin southward to Adour drainage (France; possibly introduced southward of Loire) and Mediterranean basin in France (Hérault and Rhône drainages). In Aral, Marmara and Anatolian Black Sea basins west of Ankara. Naturally absent from Iberian Peninsula, Italy, Adriatic basin, Crimea, Great Britain (except southeast), Scandinavia north of Sundsvall (Sweden) and 65° N (Finland). Locally introduced in Spain and northeastern Italy; in France, apparently introduced in smal coastal drainages of Var.
Length at first maturity / Size / Вес / Возраст
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 45.5 cm TL самец/пол неопределен; (Ref. 88166); common length : 20.0 cm TL самец/пол неопределен; (Ref. 556); наибольший вес (опубликованные данные): 1.0 kg (Ref. 30578)
колючие лучи спинного плавника (общее число): 3; членистые (мягкие) лучи спинного плавника (общее число): 8; колючие лучи анального плавника 3; членистые (мягкие) лучи анального плавника: 19 - 22; позвонки: 39 - 40. The only species of the genus which can be diagnosed from similar species of genera Ballerus, Blicca and Vimba by having the following characters: mouth sub-inferior, which can not be extended as a tube; scales on lateral line 43-46 + 2-3 ; anal fin with 19-23½ branched rays; eye diameter about equal to snout length in individuals larger than 10 cm SL; pharyngeal teeth 2,5-2,5; and orange or reddish base of paired fins (Ref. 59043). Caudal fin with 17-19 rays (Ref. 2196).
Gregarious and frequents stagnant waters of lakes and reservoirs, rivers and canals with calm waters. Occurs in a wide variety of shallow, warm lowland lakes and slow-flowing lower reaches of large rivers and canals. Frequently very abundant on bottom of large sandy rivers. Larvae live in still water bodies. Mainly nocturnal. Feeds on benthic invertebrates. Spawns along shores on submerged vegetations, roots or even on shallow gravel bottom (Ref. 59043). Reproduction takes place in May to July. Exhibits polyandry (Ref. 6114). Regularly hybridizes with Vimba vimba (Ref. 59043). Of little interest to game fishers and consumers (Ref. 30578). Unpopular with commercial fishers due to its small size and competition with more desired species.
Exhibits polyandry, with courting tactics developed by males. Trembling and splashing movements signal release of eggs and sperms on plant substratum (Ref. 6114). Eggs are sticky (Ref. 59043).
Kottelat, M. and J. Freyhof, 2007. Handbook of European freshwater fishes. Publications Kottelat, Cornol and Freyhof, Berlin. 646 pp. (Ref. 59043)
Статус Красного Списка МСОП (Ref. 130435)
Угроза для людей
Harmless
Использование человеком
рыболовство: не имеет хозяйственного значения; аквариум: общественные аквариумы; наживка: occasionally
дополнительная информация
инструменты
Специальные отчеты
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ресурсы в Интернет
Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00741 (0.00669 - 0.00822), b=3.15 (3.12 - 3.18), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 3.2 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
устойчивость к внешним воздействиям (Ref.
120179): средний (среднего размера), минимальное время удвоения популяции 1.4-4.4 года (K=0.10-0.27; tm=3-4).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (65 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 66.8 [32.4, 112.3] mg/100g; Iron = 0.407 [0.243, 0.722] mg/100g; Protein = 17.7 [16.1, 19.1] %; Omega3 = 0.605 [0.278, 1.290] g/100g; Selenium = 7.59 [3.59, 16.22] μg/100g; VitaminA = 19.1 [6.1, 60.6] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.826 [0.581, 1.185] mg/100g (wet weight);
