分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Perciformes/Gasterosteoidei (Sticklebacks)
刺魚目 (Sticklebacks) >
Gasterosteidae (Sticklebacks and tubesnouts)
刺魚科 (Sticklebacks and tubesnouts)
Etymology: Culaea: Coined from the name "Eucalia"; Greek, = good nest (Ref. 45335); inconstans: inconstans meaning variable (Ref. 1998).
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
; 淡水 居於水底的; pH range: 7.0 - ? ; dH range: ? - 15; 深度上下限 0 - 55 m (Ref. 1998). 溫帶; 4°C - 18°C (Ref. 2059); 69°N - 34°N
North America: Nova Scotia to Northwest Territories and eastern British Columbia in Canada; Great Lakes-Mississippi River basins south to southern Ohio and Nebraska in USA and west to Montana, USA. Isolated population in Canadian River system in northeastern New Mexico, USA. Introduced elsewhere (Ref. 5723). Introduced in upper Inn drainage in Bavaria, Germany and accidentally in the 1960’s with Micropterus to southern Finland where it has established a population in Lake Lohjanjarvi (Ref. 59043).
北美洲: 對西北地區與東方的加拿大的英屬哥倫比亞的新斯科舍省; 五大湖-密西西比的河流域南至在美國的俄亥俄州南部與內布拉斯加而且西至美國的蒙大納。 在加拿大河流域在東北方的美國新墨西哥州的孤立的族群。
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 8.7 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 5723); common length : 5.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 12193); 最大年齡: 2.00 年 (Ref. 12193)
Diagnosed from other species of Gasterosteidae in Europe by combination of the following characters: 4-6 short dorsal spines, never inclined to the left or to the right; without keel on side of caudal peduncle; anal fin origin slightly behind dorsal fin origin; body dark olive green (getting blackish in breeding males), with numerous pale spots or undulating bars on flank (Ref. 59043).
Adults inhabit cool, vegetated, sand or mud bottoms of lakes and ponds. Also in pools and backwaters of creeks and small rivers (Ref. 1998, 10294). Rarely found in brackish water. Feed on crustacean and insect larvae, eggs and larvae of fishes, snails, oligochaetes and algae (Ref. 1998, 10294). Preyed upon by kingfishers, herons, and mergansers and occasionally by fishes like Salvelinus fontinalis and Esox lucius (Ref. 1998). Males build, guard and aerate the nest where the eggs are deposited (Ref. 205).
棲息於冷的, 植物生長的, 湖泊與池塘的沙或泥底部。 也在小溪與小河的深潭與滯水區中.(參考文獻 1998,10294) 很少發現於半淡鹹水.。 吃甲殼動物與魚，蝸牛，蠕蟲與藻類的昆蟲幼生，卵與仔魚。 (參考文獻 1998,10294) 被魚狗，蒼鷺與秋沙鴨捕食.而且偶然地藉著魚例如美洲紅點鮭〔溪紅點鮭〕〔Salvelinus fontinalis〕 與 白斑狗魚〔Esox lucius〕 。 (參考文獻 1998)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Males arrive first in shallow waters, establish their territories, and build small nests near the bottom. The male then entices the female to the nest and by prodding her ventral and caudal peduncle area, forces her to release her eggs into the nest. The male then drives the female away, fertilizes the eggs and guards his territory until the young hatch and swim away. Males may build two nests during a breeding season and more than one female may deposit eggs in each nest (Ref. 1998). Eggs hatch in 8-9 days (Ref. 59043).北美洲: 對西北地區與東方的加拿大的英屬哥倫比亞的新斯科舍省; 五大湖-密西西比的河流域南至在美國的俄亥俄州南部與內布拉斯加而且西至美國的蒙大納。 在加拿大河流域在東北方的美國新墨西哥州的孤立的族群。
Page, L.M. and B.M. Burr, 1991. A field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston. 432 p. (Ref. 5723)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435)
無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 15 November 2011
人類使用
水族館: 商業性; 誘餌: occasionally
更多資訊
合作者照片Stamps, Coins Misc.聲音神經毒速度泳型鰓區Otoliths腦重體重比眼睛色素
工具
特別的報告
下載 XML
網路資源
Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01047 (0.00408 - 0.02689), b=3.07 (2.85 - 3.29), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.2 ±0.1 se; based on diet studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 高度, 族群倍增時間少於 15個月 (tmax=2).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).
