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Teleostei >
Cypriniformes (Carps) >
Leuciscidae (Minnows) > Plagopterinae
Etymology: Semotilus: Greek, sema = banner (dorsal fin) + Greek, tilos = spotted; used by Rafinesque (Ref. 45335); atromaculatus: From the words ater, meaning black; and maculatus, spotted (Ref. 10294).
More on author: Mitchill.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
; 淡水 居於水底的. 溫帶; 0°C - 30°C (Ref. 35682); 55°N - 31°N
North America: most of east USA and southeast Canada in Atlantic, Great Lakes, Hudson Bay, Mississippi, and Gulf basins as far west as Saskatchewan, Wyoming, and Brazos River in Texas, but absent from Florida and south Georgia; isolated population in the upper Pecos and Canadian River systems, New Mexico. Introduced elsewhere in USA.
北美洲: 在大西洋，五大湖，哈得遜灣, 密西西比與灣流域的大部分的美國東部與加拿大東南部遠達曼尼托巴，蒙大納，懷俄明州，科羅拉多，俄克拉荷馬州與德克薩斯, 但是喬治亞州南部與佛羅里達半島沒有出現; 佩科斯河上游與加拿大河流域，新墨西哥州。
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 30.3 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 10294); common length : 19.1 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 12193); 最大年齡: 8 年 (Ref. 12193)
背的軟條 (總數): 8. Semotilus atromaculatus is distinguished by having the following characters: body barely compressed at front, compressed at caudal peduncle; mouth pointed; 47-65 scales on lateral line; dorsal fin with 8 rays; large black spot at front of dorsal fin base, black caudal spot (not distinct in large individuals); large terminal mouth reaching past front of eye. Coloration consists of gray-brown above, dark stripe along back; herringbone lines on upper side in young; dusky black stripe (darkest on young) along olive-silver side, around snout and onto upper lip; black bar along back of gill cover; and orange at dorsal base, orange lower fins, blue on side of head, pink on lower half of head and body, and 6-12 large tubercles on head in breeding males (Ref. 86798).
Inhabits rocky and sandy pools of headwaters, creeks and small rivers (Ref. 5723, 86798). Mostly found in tiny, intermittent streams. Young feed on small aquatic invertebrates while adults consume small fish, crayfish and other large invertebrates (Ref. 10294). One of the most common fishes in eastern North America (Ref. 86798).
棲息於河川源頭,小溪與小河的岩石而沙水池;(參考文獻 5723) 大部份發現於極小又間歇的溪流.。 幼魚捕食小的水生無脊椎動物。 成魚消費小魚，小龍蝦與其他的大無脊椎動物。 (參考文獻 10294) 在北美洲東部中最普遍魚之一.(參考文獻 5723)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Male digs a pit in the stream bottom by removing mouthful of gravel, guards the pit and attempts to attract females. Spawning occurs over the pit. Male guards the nest from intruders. As eggs are deposited in the pit, the male covers them with stones and excavates another pit immediately downstream. As spawning continues and the male covers the eggs, a long ridge of gravel develops. 北美洲: 在大西洋，五大湖，哈得遜灣, 密西西比與灣流域的大部分的美國東部與加拿大東南部遠達曼尼托巴，蒙大納，懷俄明州，科羅拉多，俄克拉荷馬州與德克薩斯, 但是喬治亞州南部與佛羅里達半島沒有出現; 佩科斯河上游與加拿大河流域，新墨西哥州。
Page, L.M. and B.M. Burr, 2011. A field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico. Boston : Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 663p. (Ref. 86798)
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5625 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00603 (0.00250 - 0.01453), b=3.05 (2.84 - 3.26), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 4.0 ±0.5 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 3.9 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (tmax=8; tm=2.5; K=0.41; Fec=2,225).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (34 of 100).
