分类 / Names
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Teleostei >
Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Lutjanidae (Snappers) > Lutjaninae
Etymology: Lutjanus: Malay, ikan lutjan, name of a fish.
More on author: Walbaum.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋; 半咸淡水 礁区鱼类; 深度上下限 2 - 63 m (Ref. 9626). 亞熱帶的; 42°N - 19°S, 98°W - 31°W (Ref. 55)
Western Atlantic: north to Massachusetts, USA (rare in Florida) and south to Trinidad and northern Brazil.
西大西洋: 百慕達群島 (參考文獻 26938), 向北遠至美國麻薩諸塞州，巴哈馬，墨西哥灣 , 安地列斯群島 (參考文獻 26938), 向南至千里達與巴西北部。 東大西洋: 到赤道幾內亞的象牙海岸.(參考文獻 10795)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 25.0 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 79.1 cm FL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 69373); common length : 35.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 55); 最大体重: 10.8 kg (Ref. 26340); 最大年龄: 42 年 (Ref. 128039)
背棘 (总数): 10; 背的软条 (总数): 14; 臀棘 3; 臀鳍软条: 8. Snout long and pointed, mouth large. One of the upper pairs of canine teeth notably enlarged, visible when mouth is close. Preopercular notch and knob weak. Pectoral fins long, reaching the level of anus. Scale rows on back parallel to lateral line, at least anteriorly. Olive gray to brownish on upper back and sides, with eight narrow, pale vertical bars which may be faint or absent in large adults. A solid or broken blue line which may disappear with growth, runs under the eye.
吻长而尖的, 嘴大的。 上面对犬齿之一特别地增大了, 看得见的嘴何时是结束。 前鳃盖骨凹槽与疖瘤弱的。 胸鳍长的, 达到肛门高度。 鳞片列背面平行于侧线, 至少在前面。 橄榄色灰色到褐色的在上面的背面与侧边上, 藉由八个狭窄又灰白的纵带那可能是模糊的或不存在于大的成鱼。 一条完整或断续的蓝色线那可能随着成长而消失, 在眼下伸展。
Adults occur in shallow, clear, warm, coastal waters over coral reefs. Often near the shelter of elkhorn corals and gorgonians (Ref. 9710). Juveniles are encountered over sand bottoms with or without seagrass (Thalassia), and over muddy bottoms of lagoons or mangrove areas. Young sometimes enter brackish waters. Sometimes form resting aggregations during the day. Feed on fishes, shrimps, crabs, worms, gastropods and cephalopods. Considered a good food fish, it is marketed fresh or frozen (Ref. 55). Maximum length for female taken from Ref. 3093.
出现于浅且清澈, 温暖的, 在珊瑚礁上的沿岸水域。 时常在 elkhorn 珊瑚与柳珊瑚的庇护所的附近.(参考文献 9710) 稚鱼被见到砂质底部之上，有海草或没有海草的地方 ( Thalassia), 而且泻湖或红树林区域在泥沙底上面。 幼鱼有时进入半咸淡水域。 有时形成休息的群集在白天期间。 吃鱼，虾，螃蟹，蠕虫，腹足动物与头足类动物。 被认为是一个好食用鱼了, 它生鲜或冷冻地被在市场上销售。 (参考文献 55) 最大的母鱼体长取自了参考文献 3093.
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
西大西洋: 百慕達群島 (參考文獻 26938), 向北遠至美國麻薩諸塞州，巴哈馬，墨西哥灣 , 安地列斯群島 (參考文獻 26938), 向南至千里達與巴西北部。 東大西洋: 到赤道幾內亞的象牙海岸.(參考文獻 10795)
Allen, G.R., 1985. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 6. Snappers of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of lutjanid species known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(6):208 p. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 55)
人类利用
渔业: 商业性
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 23.3 - 28, mean 26.4 °C (based on 412 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01479 (0.01312 - 0.01668), b=2.97 (2.95 - 2.99), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 4.3 ±0.4 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 3.1 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Prior r = 0.60, 95% CL = 0.39 - 0.89, Based on 1 stock assessment.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (37 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 17.6 [9.5, 30.2] mg/100g; Iron = 0.333 [0.194, 0.618] mg/100g; Protein = 19.6 [18.1, 21.0] %; Omega3 = 0.21 [0.12, 0.36] g/100g; Selenium = 28.8 [14.3, 56.3] μg/100g; VitaminA = 90.2 [15.2, 455.2] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.26 [0.18, 0.40] mg/100g (wet weight);
