分類 / Names
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Teleostei >
Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria)
鱸形目 (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Lutjanidae (Snappers)
笛鯛科 (Snappers) > Lutjaninae
Etymology: Lutjanus: Malay, ikan lutjan, name of a fish.
More on author: Walbaum.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 半鹹淡水 礁區魚類; 深度上下限 2 - 63 m (Ref. 9626). 亞熱帶的; 42°N - 19°S, 98°W - 31°W (Ref. 55)
Western Atlantic: north to Massachusetts, USA (rare in Florida) and south to Trinidad and northern Brazil.
西大西洋: 美國麻薩諸塞州與百慕達群島 (參考文獻 26938) 到千里達與巴西北部。 東大西洋: 到赤道幾內亞的象牙海岸.(參考文獻 10795)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 25.0 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 79.1 cm FL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 69373); common length : 35.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 55); 最大體重: 10.8 kg (Ref. 26340); 最大年齡: 42 年 (Ref. 128039)
背棘 (總數): 10; 背的軟條 (總數): 14; 臀棘 3; 臀鰭軟條: 8. Snout long and pointed, mouth large. One of the upper pairs of canine teeth notably enlarged, visible when mouth is close. Preopercular notch and knob weak. Pectoral fins long, reaching the level of anus. Scale rows on back parallel to lateral line, at least anteriorly. Olive gray to brownish on upper back and sides, with eight narrow, pale vertical bars which may be faint or absent in large adults. A solid or broken blue line which may disappear with growth, runs under the eye.
吻長而尖的, 嘴大的。 上面對犬齒之一特別地增大了, 看得見的嘴何時是結束。 前鰓蓋骨凹槽與癤瘤弱的。 胸鰭長的, 達到肛門高度。 鱗片列背面平行於側線, 至少在前面。 橄欖色灰色到褐色的在上面的背面與側邊上, 藉由八個狹窄又灰白的縱帶那可能是模糊的或不存在於大的成魚。 一條完整或斷續的藍色線那可能隨著成長而消失, 在眼下伸展。
Adults occur in shallow, clear, warm, coastal waters over coral reefs. Often near the shelter of elkhorn corals and gorgonians (Ref. 9710). Juveniles are encountered over sand bottoms with or without seagrass (Thalassia), and over muddy bottoms of lagoons or mangrove areas. Young sometimes enter brackish waters. Sometimes form resting aggregations during the day. Feed on fishes, shrimps, crabs, worms, gastropods and cephalopods. Considered a good food fish, it is marketed fresh or frozen (Ref. 55). Maximum length for female taken from Ref. 3093.
出現於淺且清澈, 溫暖的, 在珊瑚礁上的沿岸水域。 時常在 elkhorn 珊瑚與柳珊瑚的庇護所的附近.(參考文獻 9710) 稚魚被見到砂質底部之上，有海草或沒有海草的地方 ( Thalassia), 而且潟湖或紅樹林區域在泥沙底上面。 幼魚有時進入半鹹淡水域。 有時形成休息的群集在白天期間。 吃魚，蝦，螃蟹，蠕蟲，腹足動物與頭足類動物。 被認為是一個好食用魚了, 它生鮮或冷凍地被在市場上銷售。 (參考文獻 55) 最大的母魚體長取自了參考文獻 3093.
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
西大西洋: 美國麻薩諸塞州與百慕達群島 (參考文獻 26938) 到千里達與巴西北部。 東大西洋: 到赤道幾內亞的象牙海岸.(參考文獻 10795)
Allen, G.R., 1985. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 6. Snappers of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of lutjanid species known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(6):208 p. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 55)
人類使用
漁業: 商業性
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參考文獻養殖養殖資訊品種遺傳學Electrophoreses遺傳率疾病加工NutrientsMass conversion
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 23.3 - 28, mean 26.4 °C (based on 412 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01479 (0.01312 - 0.01668), b=2.97 (2.95 - 2.99), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 4.3 ±0.4 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 3.1 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Prior r = 0.60, 95% CL = 0.39 - 0.89, Based on 1 stock assessment.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (37 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 17.6 [9.5, 30.2] mg/100g; Iron = 0.333 [0.194, 0.618] mg/100g; Protein = 19.6 [18.1, 21.0] %; Omega3 = 0.21 [0.12, 0.36] g/100g; Selenium = 28.8 [14.3, 56.3] μg/100g; VitaminA = 90.2 [15.2, 455.2] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.26 [0.18, 0.40] mg/100g (wet weight);
