Environment: milieu / climate zone / গভীরতার পরিসীমা / distribution range
বাস্তুসংস্থান
সামুদ্রিক; ঈষৎ লোনা তলদেশ বিহারী; মহাসাগরে বিচরনক্ষম (Ref. 51243); গভীরতার পরিসীমা 6 - 30 m (Ref. 57178). Temperate; 80°N - 37°N, 25°W - 36°E
Northeast Atlantic: Murman and Spitzbergen to Portugal, including Iceland and much of the Baltic.
Length at first maturity / আকৃতি / ওজন / Age
পরিপক্কতা : Lm 13.0, range 11 - 15 cm
Max length : 40.0 cm SL পুরুষ/ লিঙ্গ অনিধর্ারিত ; (Ref. 4674); common length : 20.0 cm TL পুরুষ/ লিঙ্গ অনিধর্ারিত ; (Ref. 4645)
Tip of pectoral fin reaches the front end of the dorsal fin. Dark spot on each side of the snout. Two pointed teeth in the palate. Upper jaw not protractile (Ref. 35388).
Body shape (shape guide): elongated.
Inshore, including the inter-tidal zone and estuaries, and offshore to about 60 m depth. Commonly associated with Ammodytes species. Feeds initially on zooplankton, later small fish (clupeids and ammodytids) dominate the diet. Summer batch spawner. Used mainly for fishmeal and oil, but also utilized fresh and pan-fried for human consumption (Ref. 9988).
Muus, B.J. and P. Dahlström, 1974. Collins guide to the sea fishes of Britain and North-Western Europe. Collins, London, UK. 244 p. (Ref. 173)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
মৎস্য: অত্যন্ত বাণিজ্যিক ; স্পশর্ী : occasionally
হাতিয়ার
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ইন্টারনেট সুত্র
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (সূত্র
123201): 8.8 - 12.8, mean 10.3 °C (based on 476 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (সূত্র
82804): PD
50 = 0.7500 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00324 (0.00174 - 0.00601), b=3.00 (2.84 - 3.16), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
ট্রফিক পর্যায়ে (সূত্র
69278): 4.0 ±0.1 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 2.7 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
স্থিতিস্থাপক (সূত্র
120179): মাধ্যম , সর্বনিম্ন প্রজন দ্বিগুনের সময় ১.৪-৪.৪ বৎসর (tm=2; Fec=35,000).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (32 of 100).
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Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 50.7 [28.6, 103.2] mg/100g; Iron = 0.402 [0.237, 0.669] mg/100g; Protein = 18.9 [17.2, 20.8] %; Omega3 = 0.405 [0.217, 0.718] g/100g; Selenium = 10.1 [4.9, 20.7] μg/100g; VitaminA = 20.1 [7.0, 60.0] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.594 [0.420, 0.824] mg/100g (wet weight);
