分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / 深度上下限 / distribution range
生態學
海洋 居於水底的; 深度上下限 15 - 200 m (Ref. 5222), usually 15 - 50 m (Ref. 2683). 亞熱帶的; 43°N - 16°S, 20°W - 38°E (Ref. 5222)
Eastern Atlantic: Portugal to southern Angola; reports from islands require confirmation. Specimens from Madeira, Azores, Canary Islands, and Cape Verde have been examined by Heemstra (1991, Ref. 6512) and are identified to be Mycteroperca fusca. Replaced by Mycteroperca acutirostris in the western Atlantic.
東大西洋: 葡萄牙到安哥拉南部; 來自島的報告需要證實。 來自馬得拉群島，亞速群島，加納利群島與維德角的標本曾經被 Heemstra(1991, 參考文獻 6512) 調查而且被鑑定是 Mycteroperca fusca 。 在大西洋西部中被 Mycteroperca acutirostris 取代了。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
成熟度: Lm 34.0, range 32 - 36 cm
Max length : 144 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 40637); common length : 80.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 2683); 最大體重: 49.7 kg (Ref. 40637)
背棘 (總數) : 11; 背的軟條 (總數) : 15 - 17; 臀棘: 3; 臀鰭軟條: 11 - 12. Distinguished by the following characteristics: usually reddish brown, sometimes mottled with black or pale grey spots with black streak above maxilla; juveniles with black saddle blotch on peduncle; oblong body, compressed, depth contained 2.8-3.2 times in SL; head length 2.5-2.7 in SL; convex interorbital area; enlarged serrae at angle of preopercle, forming rounded lobe set off by the indentation immediately above; nostrils subequal in juveniles, posterior nostrils about twice that of anterior ones in adults (Ref. 89707).
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal; Cross section: oval.
Occurs over rocky and sandy bottoms; young individuals very common in mangrove-lined lagoons. Feeds on mollusks (presumably cephalopods) and small fishes (Ref. 89707). Marketed fresh.
生活在岩質與砂質底部之上; 幼魚非常常見於紅樹林林列的潟湖。 吃軟體動物 (可能頭足類動物) 與小魚。 在市場上銷售生鮮地了。
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
東大西洋: 葡萄牙到安哥拉南部; 來自島的報告需要證實。 來自馬得拉群島，亞速群島，加納利群島與維德角的標本曾經被 Heemstra(1991, 參考文獻 6512) 調查而且被鑑定是 Mycteroperca fusca 。 在大西洋西部中被 Mycteroperca acutirostris 取代了。
Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall, 1993. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 22 November 2016
人類使用
漁業: 低經濟
工具
特別的報告
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網路資源
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (參考文獻
123201): 15.3 - 27.4, mean 19.4 °C (based on 296 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (參考文獻
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01072 (0.00685 - 0.01675), b=3.01 (2.88 - 3.14), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (參考文獻
69278): 4.1 ±0.58 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 10.4 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
回復力 (參考文獻
120179): 非常低的, 最小族群倍增時間超過14 年 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High to very high vulnerability (67 of 100).
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Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 34.6 [15.2, 67.1] mg/100g; Iron = 0.82 [0.44, 1.54] mg/100g; Protein = 18.6 [16.6, 20.2] %; Omega3 = 0.331 [0.208, 0.544] g/100g; Selenium = 40.9 [19.7, 83.1] μg/100g; VitaminA = 13.4 [4.2, 49.3] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.474 [0.334, 0.700] mg/100g (wet weight);
