Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecology
Marine; bathydemersal; depth range 253 - 580 m (Ref. 28982). Deep-water
Pacific Ocean: New Caledonia, southern Japan, and the Hawaiian Islands (Ref. 9824); including the Norfolk Ridge and Isle of Matthew (Ref. 28982).
Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 22.5 cm SL male/unsexed; (Ref. 9824)
Dorsal spines (total): 0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 106 - 117; Anal spines: 0; Anal soft rays: 87 - 95; Vertebrae: 32 - 33. Body elliptical, its depth contained more than 2.4 times in SL. Tip of isthmus below posterior margin of lower eye. Eyes separated by a broad and concave space. Interorbital in male broader than that in female. Ctenoid scales on ocular side armed with a row of hairlike spines. Small dark blotches on origin of straight part of lateral line. Small dark dots along upper margin of upper eye.
Body shape (shape guide): short and / or deep; Cross section: compressed.
Inhabits mud and sand bottoms (Ref. 9824). Benthic (Ref. 58302). Feeds on small benthic animals. Marketed fresh, sometimes dried-salted (Ref. 9824).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae
Hensley, D.A. and K. Amaoka, 2001. Bothidae. Lefteye flounders. p. 3799-3841. In K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Vol. 6. Bony fishes part 4 (Labridae to Latimeriidae), estuarine crocodiles. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9824)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Fisheries: commercial
Tools
Special reports
Download XML
Internet sources
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 6.8 - 13.9, mean 10.7 °C (based on 113 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5010 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00912 (0.00408 - 0.02036), b=3.04 (2.85 - 3.23), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 3.5 ±0.37 se; based on food items.
Resilience (Ref.
120179): Low, minimum population doubling time 4.5 - 14 years (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (17 of 100).
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