Family Rhinopteridae - Cownose rays | ||||
Order | : | Myliobatiformes | ||
Class | : | Elasmobranchii | ||
No. in FishBase | : | Genera : 1 | Species : 7 Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes | ||
Environment | : | Fresh : No | Brackish : Yes | Marine : Yes | ||
Division | : | |||
Aquarium | : | |||
First Fossil Record | : | |||
Remark | : | Distribution: circumglobal in tropical and warm temperate seas. Habitat: benthopelagic on continental shelves and near offshore islands, as well as in bays and estuaries. Morphology: Medium to large-sized rays (adult 90 cm to 1.7 m DW); disc broad and rhomboidal, ‘wing’like’, much wider than long; head distinct and narrow, protruding forward anteriorly well beyond eye level; snout strongly indented anterioryly with 2 large, fleshy cephalic-fin lobes in front of a fringed nasal curtain; trunk broad, depressed and thick; eyes and spiracles positioned laterally on head; mouth located ventrally and almost as broad as head, with plate-like teeth usually in 7 (rarely 5 ot 6) or more rows in each jaw; pectoral fins originate below spiracles; tail filamentous distally and without a caudal fin, normally longer than the disc (although undamaged tail length varies among species); small dorsal fin followed by one or more short serrated spines located near tail base; skin smooth or finely granular, no thorns nor enlarged denticles; the species under this family are so morphologically similar that it is difficult to distinguish one from another (Ref. 114953). Diet: opportunistic generalist feeders able to use suction to ingest small prey or crush hard-bodied shellfishes using their strong tooth plates. Reproduction: Viviparous but no placental connection between mother and young; most species produce a single young per pregnancy. Uses: Often occur in large aggregations that they tend to be caught in batches and appear irregularly in fish market. Caught as bycatch in tropical net fisheries and in some areas are used for human consumption. Survive well in captivity and considered as prized exhibiles in many large aquaria and oceanaria. | ||
Etymology | : | |||
Reproductive guild | : | |||
Typical activity level | : | |||
Main Ref. | : | Last, P.R., W.T. White, M.R. de Carvalho, B. Séret, M.F.W. Stehmann and G.J.P. Naylor 2016 | ||
Coordinator | : | |||
Deep Fin Classification | : |
Important recommendation:
The list below must not be used as an authority reference synonymy list like those found in scientific published revisions, which must be the source to be used and cited eventually when they exist.
Rather, it reflects the current content of FishBase, and the progress with respect to synchronization with the Catalog of Fishes. However, we think it can be useful for users to assess the quality of information in FishBase, to start new work on the family, or to cross-check with other lists.
But we appreciate to be cited in publications when this list has been of any working value. In particular, for published scientific, we suggest then to cite it in the Material and Method section as a useful tool to conduct the research, but again, not as a taxonomic or nomenclatural authority reference.
Unless it is explicitly precised, the list is not complete, please search all original names published for the family in the Catalog of Fishes (genera, species), including those with uncertain or unknown status, that are not included in FishBase when they are not attached to a valid species.
This list uses some data from Catalog of Fishes (not shown but used to sort names).
The list ordered as follows:
Please send comments and corrections if you detect errors or missing names.
Scientifc name | Status | Senior/Junior synonym | Combination |
---|---|---|---|
Rhinoptera marginata (Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1817) | accepted | senior | new |
Myliobatis marginata Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1817 | synonym | senior | original |
Rhinoptera peli Bleeker, 1863 | ambiguous | questionable | original |
Rhinoptera bonasus (Mitchill, 1815) | accepted | senior | new |
Raja bonasus Mitchill, 1815 | synonym | senior | original |
Raja quadriloba Lesueur, 1817 | ambiguous | questionable | original |
Rhinoptera quadriloba (Lesueur, 1817) | ambiguous | questionable | new |
Rhinoptera lalandii Müller & Henle, 1841 | synonym | junior | original |
Rhinoptera affinis Bleeker, 1863 | synonym | junior | original |
Rhinoptera javanica (non Müller & Henle, 1841) | misapplied | misapplied | original |
Rhinoptera brasiliensis Müller, 1836 | accepted | senior | original |
Rhinoptera javanica Müller & Henle, 1841 | accepted | senior | original |
! Rhinopthera javanica Müller & Henle, 1841 | synonym | senior | original |
Rhinoptera adspersa Müller & Henle, 1841 | synonym | junior | original |
Rhinoptera hainanica Chu, 1960 | ambiguous | questionable | original |
Rhinoptera steindachneri Evermann & Jenkins, 1891 | accepted | senior | original |
Rhinoptera jayakari Boulenger, 1895 | accepted | senior | original |
Rhinoptera sewelli Misra, 1947 | ambiguous | questionable | original |
Rhinoptera hainanica Chu, 1960 | ambiguous | questionable | original |
Rhinoptera neglecta Ogilby, 1912 | accepted | senior | original |