Teleostei (teleosts) > 
Carangaria/misc (Various families in series Carangaria) > 
Polynemidae (Threadfins)						
							
							Etymology: Polynemus: Greek, poly = a lot of + Greek,nema = filament (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Linnaeus.						
					
				
					Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range					
						Ecology					
				
				
				
					Marine; freshwater; brackish;  demersal; amphidromous (Ref. 51243); depth range ? - 25 m (Ref. 31582). Tropical; 24°N -   11°N, 71°E -   102°E (Ref. 57343)				
				 
			
			
			
				
				
				
					Eastern Indian Ocean and Western Pacific:  west coast of India to Thailand.  Probably occurs in Malaysia (Ref. 5756) and Laos (Ref. 9497).
				
				 
			
			
				
					Size / Weight / Age
				
				
				
					Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
 Max length : 30.0 cm NG male/unsexed; (Ref. 94495); common length : 17.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 3479)				
				 
			
			
						
				
				
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
				Lives over sandy bottoms, regularly entering freshwaters during breeding season.  Feeds mainly on crustaceans (especially shrimps), small fishes and benthic organisms.  Marketed fresh (Ref. 3479).			
			 
			
			
			
				
					Life cycle and mating behavior					
					Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae				
				
				
				
								
				
			
			 
				
				
				
					Motomura, H., S.O. Kullander, T. Yoshino and Y. Iwatsuki, 2002. Review of seven-spined Polynemus species (Perciformes: Polynemidae) with designation of a neotype for Polynemus paradiseus Linnaeus, 1758. Ichthyol. Res. 49(4):307-317. (Ref. 31582)
				
				 
			
			
			
							
					
						IUCN Red List Status   (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
					
					
				 
					
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
				
					Threat to humans  
				
				
				
					  Harmless				
				
			 
			
			
			
			
				
					Human uses  				
				
				
					Fisheries: commercial				
				
				
			
			
						
			
			
			
				
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					Estimates based on models				
				
				
				Preferred temperature (Ref. 
123201): 27.5 - 28.9, mean 28.4 °C (based on 157 cells).
				
				
					
					Phylogenetic diversity index  (Ref. 
82804):  PD
50 = 0.5039   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].					
													Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00490 (0.00298 - 0.00805), b=3.08 (2.94 - 3.22), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body  (Ref. 
93245).
					
					Trophic level  (Ref. 
69278):  3.9   ±0.60 se; based on food items.					
											
				
				
										
						Resilience  (Ref. 
120179):  High, minimum population doubling time less than 15 months (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).					
											
				
									
					Fishing Vulnerability  (Ref. 
59153):  Low vulnerability (15 of 100). 
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