Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecology
Freshwater; demersal; pH range: 5.5 - 7.2; dH range: 5 - 15. Tropical; 22°C - 28°C (Ref. 13614)
South America: Amazon River basin from Peru to Marajó Island, including tributaries Araguaia and Guaporé Rivers; Orinoco River basin near the mouth; Essequibo River basin.
Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 12.8 cm SL male/unsexed; (Ref. 79673)
Short description
Identification keys | Morphology | Morphometrics
Distinct large black spot on underside of caudal peduncle.
Body shape (shape guide): short and / or deep.
Found mostly in freshwater and coastal streams, but can tolerate brackish water. Sometimes kept in aquariums (Ref. 26938).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae
Ortega, H. and R.P. Vari, 1986. Annotated checklist of the freshwater fishes of Peru. Smithson. Contrib. Zool. (437):1-25. (Ref. 6329)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Fisheries: commercial; aquarium: commercial
Tools
Special reports
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Internet sources
Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.6250 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.03090 (0.01823 - 0.05240), b=2.86 (2.72 - 3.00), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 3.3 ±0.51 se; based on food items.
Resilience (Ref.
120179): High, minimum population doubling time less than 15 months (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).
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