Preferred temperature (Ref. 
123201): 0.8 - 7.8, mean 5.2 °C (based on 147 cells).
				
				
					
					Phylogenetic diversity index  (Ref. 
82804):  PD
50 = 0.5000   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].					
													Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01023 (0.00682 - 0.01535), b=3.13 (3.01 - 3.25), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref. 
93245).
					
					Trophic level  (Ref. 
69278):  3.2   ±0.2 se; based on diet studies.					
											
				
				
										
						Resilience  (Ref. 
120179):  Low, minimum population doubling time 4.5 - 14 years (tm=5.5).					
						 Prior r = 0.07, 95% CL = 0.05 - 0.11, Based on 1 full stock assessment.					
				
									
					Fishing Vulnerability  (Ref. 
59153):  Moderate to high vulnerability (49 of 100). 
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						Nutrients  (Ref. 
124155):  Calcium = 31.1 [11.9, 105.5] mg/100g; Iron = 0.275 [0.114, 0.699] mg/100g; Protein = 17.6 [16.4, 18.8] %; Omega3 = 1.34 [0.56, 3.30] g/100g; Selenium = 39.4 [14.5, 112.6] μg/100g; VitaminA = 28.4 [8.6, 92.1] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.469 [0.244, 0.840] mg/100g (wet weight);