Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 25.2 - 29, mean 28 °C (based on 668 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.02344 (0.01144 - 0.04804), b=2.98 (2.80 - 3.16), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 2.2 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 2.3 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
Resilience (Ref.
120179): Medium, minimum population doubling time 1.4 - 4.4 years (K=0.48; tm=1.75-1.83; annual Fec=2,000-4,000).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (26 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 111 [49, 178] mg/100g ; Iron = 0.729 [0.430, 1.319] mg/100g ; Protein = 18.1 [16.9, 19.3] % ; Omega3 = 0.121 [0.068, 0.207] g/100g ; Selenium = 23.3 [11.3, 48.4] μg/100g ; VitaminA = 94.4 [22.7, 361.4] μg/100g ; Zinc = 2.33 [1.52, 3.68] mg/100g (wet weight);