| Main Ref. | Steene, R.C., 1978 |
| Appearance refers to | Male; Female |
| Bones in OsteoBase |
| Specialized organs | no special organs |
| Different appearance | different morphology in juveniles and adults |
| Different colors | males alike females |
| Remarks | As the fish matures a prominent protuberance develops on the nape. |
| Striking features | striking type of mouth |
| Body shape lateral | short and / or deep |
| Cross section | compressed |
| Dorsal head profile | clearly concave |
| Type of eyes | more or less normal |
| Type of mouth/snout | more or less normal |
| Position of mouth | terminal |
| Type of scales | ctenoid scales |
| Diagnosis | |
| Ease of Identification |
| Lateral Lines | 1 Interrupted: No |
| Scales on lateral line | 49 - 50 |
| Pored lateral line scales | |
| Scales in lateral series | |
| Scale rows above lateral line | 11 - 12 |
| Scale rows below lateral line | 22 - 23 |
| Scales around caudal peduncle | |
| Barbels | 0 |
| Gill clefts (sharks/rays only) | |
| Gill rakers | |
| on lower limb | |
| on upper limb | |
| total | 11 - 12 |
| Vertebrae | |
| preanal | |
| total |
| Attributes | no striking attributes |
| Fins number | 1 |
| Finlets No. | Dorsal 0 - 0 |
| Ventral 0 - 0 | |
| Spines total | 9 - 10 |
| Soft-rays total | 26 - 30 |
| Adipose fin | absent |
| Attributes | more or less truncate; more or less normal |
| Fins number | 1 |
| Spines total | 3 - 3 |
| Soft-rays total | 18 - 21 |
| Pectoral | Attributes more or less normal |
| Spines 0 | |
| Soft-rays 15 | |
| Pelvics | Attributes more or less normal |
| Position thoracic beneath origin of D1 | |
| Spines | |
| Soft-rays |