| 主要參考文獻 | Wüstemann, O. and B. Kammerad, 1995 |
| 形態描述的性別 | 雄性; 雌性 |
| Bones in OsteoBase |
| 特殊器官 | no special organs |
| 不同的外表 | |
| 不同的顏色 | different colors during breeding season only |
| 附註 | Male slighly more colorful and with breeding tubercles on head and body. |
| 顯著的特徵 | none |
| 側面體型 | fusiform / normal |
| 橫切面 | oval |
| 頭部背面描繪 | clearly concave |
| 眼的類型 | more or less normal |
| 口/吻尖的類型 | more or less normal |
| 口的位置 | sub-terminal/inferior |
| Type of scales | |
| 鑑別 |
Diagnosed from congeners in Europe by the following characters: subinferior or subterminal mouth; subequal jaw, upper jaw slightly longer; upper lip tip about level with center of eye; not projecting snout; articulation of lower jaw distinctly behind anterior margin of eye; horizontal branch of preoperculum shorter than vertical branch; and 40-50 + 1-2 scales on lateral line (Ref. 59043). Rarely longer than 30 cm TL; normally 47-52 scales in lateral line; anal fin concave; caudal fin forked with 19 rays (Ref. 41616). |
| 鑑定難易度 | likely to be confused with closely related species. |
| 側線 | 打斷: No |
| 側線上的鱗片 | 41 - 50 |
| 側線上鱗片數 | |
| 側生系列的鱗片 | |
| 側線上的鱗片列 | 7 - 9 |
| 側線下的鱗片列 | 3 - 5 |
| 尾梗周圍的鱗片 | |
| 觸鬚 | |
| 鰓裂 (僅限於鯊魚/ 魟魚) | |
| 鰓耙 | |
| 在下肢上 | |
| 上枝鰓耙 | |
| 總數 | 6 - 11 |
| 脊椎骨 | |
| 肛門前 | 22 - 26 |
| 總數 | 42 - 46 |
| 屬性 | no striking attributes |
| 鰭數 | 1 |
| 離鰭號碼 | Dorsal 0 - 0 |
| Ventral 0 - 0 | |
| 棘總數 | 2 - 3 |
| 軟條總數 | 7 - 9 |
| 脂鰭 | absent |
| 屬性 | forked; more or less normal |
| 鰭數 | 1 |
| 棘總數 | 3 - 3 |
| 軟條總數 | 8 - 9 |
| 胸鰭 | 屬性 more or less normal |
| 脊椎 1 | |
| 軟條 15 - 17 | |
| 骨盤的 | 屬性 more or less normal |
| 位置 abdominal before origin of D1 | |
| 脊椎 2 | |
| 軟條 7 - 9 |