| Main Ref. | Shen, K.N., H.C. Ho and C.W. Chang, 2012 |
| Appearance refers to | |
| Bones in OsteoBase |
| Specialized organs | |
| Different appearance | |
| Different colors | |
| Remarks |
| Striking features | |
| Body shape lateral (shape guide) | short and / or deep |
| Cross section | |
| Dorsal head profile | |
| Type of eyes | |
| Type of mouth/snout | |
| Position of mouth | |
| Type of scales | |
| Diagnosis |
Dorsal-fin spines XIII or XIV (usually XIV); dorsal-fin rays 16 or 17 (usually 16); anal-fin rays 17 or 18 (usually 17); pectoral-fin rays 15 or 16 (usually 16); scales large, about 43 or 44 in longitudinal series; gill rakers 5 or 6 + 12 or 13; supraneural bone 1; body depth 1.7-1.8 in SL; head length 3.2-3.5 in SL; last dorsal spine longest, 1.2-1.4 in HL; preopercular spine (10.0%-12.8% SL), slightly longer than eye diameter; relatively deep cheek depth (13.6%-5.5% SL); color when alive bluish-black with whitish posterior caudal-fin margin, pectoral fin rays black, and fin membrane transparent; color in alcohol uniformly black with a transparent posterior caudal-fin margin (Ref. 89471). |
| Ease of Identification |
| Lateral Lines | Interrupted: No |
| Scales on lateral line | |
| Pored lateral line scales | |
| Scales in lateral series | |
| Scale rows above lateral line | |
| Scale rows below lateral line | |
| Scales around caudal peduncle | |
| Barbels | |
| Gill clefts (sharks/rays only) | |
| Gill rakers | |
| on lower limb | |
| on upper limb | |
| total | |
| Vertebrae | |
| preanal | |
| total |
| Attributes | |
| Fins number | |
| Finlets No. | Dorsal |
| Ventral | |
| Spines total | 13 - 14 |
| Soft-rays total | 16 - 17 |
| Adipose fin |
| Attributes |
| Fins number | |
| Spines total | |
| Soft-rays total | 17 - 18 |
| Pectoral | Attributes |
| Spines | |
| Soft-rays 15 - 16 | |
| Pelvics | Attributes |
| Position | |
| Spines | |
| Soft-rays |