Gymnura japonica, Japanese butterflyray : fisheries

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Gymnura japonica (Temminck & Schlegel, 1850)

Japanese butterflyray
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Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050
This map was computer-generated and has not yet been reviewed.
Gymnura japonica   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Image of Gymnura japonica (Japanese butterflyray)
Gymnura japonica
拍攝者 The Fish Database of Taiwan

Japan country information

Common names: Tsubakuro ei, Tsubakuro-ei
Occurrence: native
Salinity: marine
Abundance: | Ref:
Importance: | Ref:
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: no uses
Comments: Known from southern Japan to the China Seas. Also Ref. 3263.
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/ja.html
National Fisheries Authority: http://www.maff.go.jp/eindex.html
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Masuda, H., K. Amaoka, C. Araga, T. Uyeno and T. Yoshino, 1984
National Database:

Common names from other countries

나비가오리, Tsubakuro-ei, Cá Đuối bướm Nhật Bản, ... more

分類 / Names 俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Elasmobranchii 板鰓亞綱 (鯊魚與魟魚) (sharks and rays) > Myliobatiformes (Stingrays) 鰩目 (Stingrays) > Gymnuridae (Butterfly rays) 燕魟科 (Butterfly rays)
Etymology: Gymnura: Greek, gymnos = naked + Greek, oura = tail (Ref. 45335).
More on authors: Temminck & Schlegel.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / 深度上下限 / distribution range 生態學

海洋 居於水底的. 熱帶

分布 國家 | FAO區域 | 生態系 | 發現紀錄 | 分布圖 | 簡介 | Faunafri

Northwest Pacific: southern Japan to the China seas. Possibly in Thailand (Ref. 9918). Reported from India (Ref. 45255).
西北太平洋: 日本南部到中國海。 可能地在泰國.(參考文獻 9918) 記錄來自印度了。 (參考文獻 45255)

Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡

成熟度: Lm 57.0, range 55 - 59 cm
Max length : 100.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 637)

生物學特性     字彙 (例如 epibenthic)

Inhabits sandy or muddy bottom in shallow waters (Ref. 11230). Feeds on benthic animals. Spines covered with skin with poisonous glands. Ovoviviparous. Used as 'kamaboko' material (Ref. 637). Caught often by demersal trawl, trammel and gillnet fisheries, and occasionally using tangle nets.Utilized for its meat, but of limited value due to its typically small size (Ref.58048).

棲息於沙的或在淺水區中的泥底部.(參考文獻 11230) 吃底棲的動物。 棘用毒腺覆蓋著皮膚了。 卵胎生的。 用作了 'kamaboko' 材料。 (參考文獻 637)

Life cycle and mating behavior 成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚

Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449). Distinct pairing with embrace (Ref. 205). Gives birth to ~3 pups; born between 20-22 cm WD (Ref.58048). 西北太平洋: 日本南部到中國海。 可能地在泰國.(參考文獻 9918) 記錄來自印度了。 (參考文獻 45255)

主要參考資料 Upload your references | 參考文獻 | 合作者 : McEachran, John | 合作者

Masuda, H., K. Amaoka, C. Araga, T. Uyeno and T. Yoshino, 1984. The fishes of the Japanese Archipelago. Vol. 1. Tokai University Press, Tokyo, Japan. 437 p. (text). (Ref. 559)

IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)

  Vulnerable (VU) (A2d); Date assessed: 29 August 2019

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

對人類具威脅

  有毒的 (Ref. 637)





人類使用

漁業: bycatch
FAO - Publication: search | FishSource |

更多資訊

營養生態學
Food items (preys)
食性組成
食物消耗量
Food rations
捕食者
生態學
生態學
Home ranges
Population dynamics
成長參數
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
長度-頻率
Mass conversion
入添量
豐度
Life cycle
繁殖
成熟度
Maturity/Gills rel.
孕卵數
產卵場
Spawning aggregations
卵
卵發育
仔魚
稚魚動力學
分布
國家
FAO區域
生態系
發現紀錄
簡介
BRUVS - Videos
Anatomy
鰓區
Brain
Otolith
Physiology
Body composition
Nutrients
耗氧量
游泳類型
游泳速度
Visual pigments
Fish sound
Diseases & Parasites
Toxicity (LC50s)
遺傳學
基因組
遺傳學
Heterozygosity
遺傳率
Human related
Aquaculture systems
水產養殖描述
品種
Ciguatera cases
Stamps, coins, misc.
Outreach
合作者
Taxonomy
俗名
同種異名
型態特徵
形態測量圖
照片
參考文獻
參考文獻

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網路資源

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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (參考文獻 123201): 17.9 - 29.1, mean 28.1 °C (based on 1500 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (參考文獻 82804):  PD50 = 0.5000   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00776 (0.00351 - 0.01718), b=3.09 (2.89 - 3.29), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref. 93245).
營養階層 (參考文獻 69278):  3.8   ±0.61 se; based on food items.
回復力 (參考文獻 120179):  非常低的, 最小族群倍增時間超過14 年 (Fec assumed to be <10).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  High vulnerability (60 of 100). 🛈
價格種類 (Ref. 80766):   Medium.