Common names from other countries
分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Anabantiformes (Gouramies, snakeheads)
鱸形目 (Gouramies, snakeheads) >
Channidae (Snakeheads)
鱧科 (Snakeheads)
Etymology: Channa: Greek, channe, -es = an anchovy (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Bloch.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / 深度上下限 / distribution range
生態學
; 淡水; 半鹹淡水 底中水層性; pH range: 7.0 - 8.0; dH range: ? - 20; 河川洄游 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 1 - 10 m (Ref. 2686), usually 1 - 2 m (Ref. 4515). 熱帶; 23°C - 27°C (Ref. 1672); 35°N - 18°S
Asia: Pakistan to Thailand and south China. Several countries report adverse ecological impact after introduction.
亞洲: 巴基斯坦到泰國與中國南方部。 引入後的一些國家報告不利的生態衝擊。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
成熟度: Lm 18.0, range 23 - ? cm
Max length : 100.0 cm SL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 2686); common length : 61.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 44091); 最大體重: 3.0 kg (Ref. 40637)
背棘 (總數) : 0; 背的軟條 (總數) : 38 - 43; 臀棘: 0; 臀鰭軟條: 23 - 27. Body sub-cylindrical; head depressed; caudal fin rounded (Ref. 2847). The dorsal surface and sides is dark and mottled with a combination of black and ochre, and white on the belly; a large head reminiscent of a snake's head; deeply-gaping, fully toothed mouth; very large scales (Ref. 44091).
Body shape (shape guide): elongated; Cross section: other (see Diagnosi.
身體接近圓柱形的; 頭部扁平的; 尾鰭圓的。 (參考文獻 2847) 背部表面與側邊顏色較深而且具有組合色斑黑色與黃土色, 與在腹面上的白色; 一個大的頭部回憶的一個蛇的頭部; 深深地-縫隙, 完全有齒的嘴; 最大的鱗片.(參考文獻 44091)
Obligate air-breathing (Ref. 126274); Adults inhabit ponds, streams and rivers, preferring stagnant and muddy water of plains (Ref. 41236). Found mainly in swamps, but also occurs in the lowland rivers. More common in relatively deep (1-2 m), still water. Very common in freshwater plains (Ref. 4515, 57235). Occur in medium to large rivers, brooks, flooded fields and stagnant waters including sluggish flowing canals (Ref. 12975). Recorded as having been or being farmed in rice fields (Ref. 119549). Survive dry season by burrowing in bottom mud of lakes, canals and swamps as long as skin and air-breathing apparatus remain moist (Ref. 2686) and subsists on the stored fat (Ref. 1479). Feed on fish, frogs, snakes, insects, earthworms, tadpoles (Ref. 1479) and crustaceans (Ref. 2847). Undertake lateral migration from the Mekong mainstream, or other permanent water bodies, to flooded areas during the flood season and return to the permanent water bodies at the onset of the dry season (Ref. 37770). During winter and dry season, its flesh around coelomic cavity is heavily infested by a larval trematode Isoparorchis hypselobargi. Other parasites infecting this fish include Pallisentis ophicephali in the intestine and Neocamallanus ophicepahli in the pyloric caecae (Ref. 1479). Processed into pra-hoc, mam-ruot, and mam-ca-loc (varieties of fish paste) in Kampuchea (Ref.4929). Perhaps the main food fish in Thailand, Indochina and Malaysia (Ref. 2686). Firm white flesh almost bone-free, heavy dark skin good for soup and usually sold separately (Ref. 2686). In Hawaiian waters the largest specimen taken reportedly exceeded 150 cm (Ref. 44091). Very economic important on both cultures and captures throughout southern and southeastern Asia (Ref. 57235).
棲息於池塘，溪流與河川, 偏愛平原的污濁而泥濘水。 (參考文獻 41236) 主要發現於沼澤了, 也出現於低地的河中。 較常見於相當深的 (1-2 公尺), 靜止的水域。 非常常見於淡水的平原.(參考文獻 4515) 出現於包括滯流的管的中型到大型河川，小溪，被水淹沒的田野與污濁的水域。 (參考文獻 12975) 藉由中掘穴平安渡過乾季湖，管與沼澤的底泥只要皮膚與呼吸空氣的器官保持潮溼的 (參考文獻 2686) 而且維生儲存的脂肪.(參考文獻 1479) 吃魚，青蛙，蛇，昆蟲，蚯蚓，蝌蚪 (參考文獻 1479) 與甲殼動物。 (參考文獻 2847) 在洪水季節的時候進行對洪泛區的橫向遷移從湄公河主流, 或其他的永久性水體而且回到永久性水體在乾季的開始.(參考文獻 37770) 在冬天與乾季的時候，它的肉體腔的周圍是寄生著很重的一個幼蟲的吸蟲 Isoparorchis hypselobargi 。 傳染這一個魚的其他寄生蟲在腸包括 Pallisentis ophicephali 而且在幽門的 caecae 中包括 Neocamallanus ophicepahli 。 (參考文獻 1479) 加工成 pra了-hoc, mam-ruot, 與 mam-ca-在柬埔寨的 loc(魚漿的變種).(參考文獻 4929) 也許在泰國，印度支那與馬來西亞的主要食用魚.(參考文獻 2686) 結實的白色肉幾乎無硬骨, 重的深色皮膚好用於煮湯而且通常分開的賣.(參考文獻 2686) 在夏威夷水域，據報告被採的最大的標本超過了 150 公分。 (參考文獻 44091)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Breeds in ditches, ponds and flooded paddy fields. Young shoal at the surface and are guarded by the male parent (Ref. 54793), hiding below the surface water (Ref. 1479). In captivity, as soon as the male bends its body close to the female during mating, milt is released following the release of the eggs (Ref. 45162).亞洲: 巴基斯坦到泰國與中國南方部。 引入後的一些國家報告不利的生態衝擊。
Pethiyagoda, R., 1991. Freshwater fishes of Sri Lanka. The Wildlife Heritage Trust of Sri Lanka, Colombo. 362 p. (Ref. 6028)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 11 August 2019
人類使用
漁業: 高經濟性; 養殖: 商業性; 水族館: 公眾的水族館
工具
特別的報告
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網路資源
Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (參考文獻
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00912 (0.00745 - 0.01117), b=2.97 (2.92 - 3.02), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (參考文獻
69278): 3.6 ±0.47 se; based on food items.
回復力 (參考文獻
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.21; tm=1.5; Fec = 324).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (40 of 100).
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Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 62.8 [31.2, 135.6] mg/100g; Iron = 0.668 [0.466, 0.942] mg/100g; Protein = 17.9 [16.9, 18.7] %; Omega3 = 0.114 [0.058, 0.219] g/100g; Selenium = 35.3 [15.9, 80.3] μg/100g; VitaminA = 23.5 [10.2, 52.3] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.926 [0.672, 1.421] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
